病毒感染细胞后以细胞内吞方式进入细胞，在胞浆内复制，装配好的病毒以出芽或细胞外分泌释放到细胞外。
PRRSV entered Marc-145 cells by endocytosis, and replicated in the cytoplasm. The mature viruses were released from infected cells by budding or exocytosis.
蛋白质又可以在细胞内，或细胞外进行很多活动，制造出生物体的不同部位，以及促使其他基因发生同样的变异，等等。
Proteins can then do a number of jobs in the cell or outside it, working to make parts of organisms, switching other genes on and so on.
它可以自由地通过，比方说，从细胞外到细胞里，或从膜的一边到另一边。
It can pass freely, let's say, from the outside to the inside of the cell, or from one side to another of a membrane.
第二大脑，约有一亿神经细胞，比脊髓或外周神经系统都要多，格申说。
The second brain contains some 100 million neurons, more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system, Gershon says.
两种类型细胞中，除了皮肤细胞或肝细胞形成时和发挥适当功能时需要的基因外，其他基因都失活了。
In both cell types, all genes are deactivated except the ones needed by a skin or liver cell to be a skin or liver cell, and to function appropriately.
细胞外RNA是存在于细胞外以结合或游离形式存在的一类RNA分子，它不仅在生命过程中起着非常重要的作用，而且可以作为疾病诊断有力的分子标志。
Extracellular RNA is a group of RNA that is bound or free, which can not only play an important role in life, but also be the useful molecular markers for disease diagnosis.
使外泌体表面携带靶向性配体可以进一步提高它们的细胞或组织靶向特异性。
Synthetic target ligand expression on the surface of exosomes can further improve their cell or tissue targeting specificity.
哮喘发作时外周嗜酸细胞计数或痰嗜酸细胞计数增加。
The peripheral eosinophil count or the sputum eosinophils can be increased during an asthmatic attack.
可以想到宿主细胞本身或受体细胞获取外泌体的能力取决于细胞环境和生理状态。
It is conceivable that the ability of up-taking exosomes by host cells themselves or by recipient cells depends on cellular context, and physiological status.
外泌体可以靶向特定的细胞类型或组织，这样的外泌体输送可能会提高疗效，减少脱靶效应。
Exosomes could target specific cell types or tissues so exosome delivery may improve efficacy and reduce off-target effects.
将外源的基因导入生物细胞内必须借助一定的技术方法或载体，目前基因转移的方法分为生物学方法、物理方法和化学方法。
The foreign gene into the biological cells must use a certain technology or approach vector, the current methods of gene transfer into biological methods, methods of physical and chemical methods.
在诊断过程中需要与其他大颗粒淋巴细胞疾病以及结外NK或T细胞淋巴瘤相鉴别。
Other types of large granular lymphocyte leukemia and extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma should be excluded in order to diagnose it.
结论：外源野生型PTEN基因的转染能导致体外培养的高转移性黏液表皮样癌细胞变性、坏死或凋亡。
Conclusion: the exogenous PTEN gene may induce denaturalization, necrosis, and apoptosis of the highly metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.
受体是位于质膜或细胞内能与胞外信号物质结合并能引起特定生物效应的大分子物质。
It lies in adipose membrane or cell and it can bind signal substance out of cell.
肿瘤细胞，成纤维细胞，免疫细胞，星形胶质细胞和其它细胞都被报道可以释放或摄取外泌体[7 - 9]。
Cancer cells, fibroblast cells, immune cells, astrocytes and other cells have all been reported to release or uptake exosomes [7-9].
在这个推论下，蛋白质除担负细胞结构和酵素的角色外，必定也是调控(或活化)基因表现的主要因子。
A corollary has been that proteins, in addition to their structural and enzymatic roles in cells, must be the primary agents for regulating the expression, or activation, of genes.
某些药物在细胞内积聚，使细胞内浓度高于细胞外液浓度，最常见的原因是他们与蛋白质、磷脂或核酸的结合。
Some drugs accumulate, producing higher concentrations in cells than in ECF, most commonly because they bind with protein, phospholipids, or nucleic acids.
细胞凋亡的发生受胞外或胞内的多种刺激源所诱导，其中热激蛋白是细胞凋亡的调控因子之一。
Apoptosis is induced by an array of extra - or intracellular stimuli and regulated by a variety of proteins including the heat shock proteins (HSPs).
此外，在败血症患者当中，有79位为细胞外细菌或黴菌所导致，另外8位为细胞内细菌或病毒所引起。
Among the septic patients, 79 were caused by extracellular bacteria or fungi and 7 were caused by intracellular bacteria or viruses.
此外，在败血症患者当中，有79位为细胞外细菌或黴菌所导致，另外8位为细胞内细菌或病毒所引起。
Among the septic patients, 79 were caused by extracellular bacteria or fungi and 7 were caused by intracellular bacteria or viruses.
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