绝大多数的病人都是通过癫痫表型组或基因组工程招募的。
Most of the patients were recruited through the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project.
上述这些重要的QTL或基因组区域在标记辅助选择育种中具有应用价值。
These important QTLs and genomic regions mentioned above will be greatly beneficial to the MAS-based breeding for salt tolerance in rice.
实际上，这并不意味着此处所讨论的基因或基因组会造成肺癌，而是说它们放大了吸烟的影响而非吸烟的强度。
That does not mean the gene or genes in question actually cause lung cancer. Rather, it means that they amplify the effects of smoking instead of the amount of smoking.
过去有关进化的数学模型主要用于研究点突变对物种的影响，即DNA链或基因组中的单核苷酸的随机突变。
Past mathematical models of evolution have focused largely on how populations respond to point mutations - random changes in single nucleotides on the DNA chain, or genome.
此外，科学家们还可以运用别的方法去探测致病的原因---对细胞的成像系统、对小鼠研究或基因组研究等。
Moreover, scientists already have many tools to figure out causes of disease — imaging systems that can peer into cells, knockout mice, genome studies.
研究者解码了每株样品的全部基因库或基因组，发现它们全是MRSA菌株的变种，被称作ST239型的新菌株。
The researchers decoded the entire genetic instruction book, or genome, of each sample. All the isolates are variations of a MRSA strain known as sequence type 239, or ST239.
双链断裂得不到修复，细胞将会死亡或发生染色体断裂、丢失，若是错误修复将导致基因突变或基因组不稳定，增加癌症的风险度。
If not repaired, the breakage can result in lethality or chromosome breakage, and if misrepaired, it can cause mutation, gene instability and the increased rate of tumorigenesis.
测序是一种技术，它是从具有明确特征的基因组提取的一个或多个短基因序列，并通过DNA分析来识别一个物种。
Barcoding is a technique in which one or more short gene sequences, taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome, are used to identify a species through DNA analysis.
然而，一旦基因组更加复杂，那么，进一步的变异可能使生物的躯体或行为变得更加复杂。
Once the genome is more complex, however, further mutations can make a creature's body or behaviour more complex.
最后，似乎很少或根本没有人认为喜爱以转基因作物逆转座子横行与人类和家畜的形式来发泄到人类基因组之上的浩劫。
Finally, little or no thought seems to have been given to the havoc that could be wreaked upon the human genome by GM crop retrotransposon running amok within humans and farm animals.
一个人的全部基因组序列会指明一些信息，不是让本人感到恐慌，就是让他们将来的孩子或已有的孩子感到恐慌。
"Everybody's whole-genome sequence will say something scary, either for them directly or for children they may have in the future or may have had in the past," he says.
突变可以是由辐射、化学作用、外部病原体(如：病毒)或细胞分裂时基因组复制错误造成。
Mutations can be induced by radiation, chemical treatment, foreign pathogens (e.g. viruses), or due to errors that occur during replication of the genome each time a cell divides.
值得注意的是，他们的基因组编码了一个丰富的工具箱，这个工具箱由可控分子构成，这些分子可以根据合适的情况打开或关闭基因的表达。
Notably, their genomes encoded a rich toolkit of regulatory molecules that turn on or off the expression of genes as appropriate to the occasion.
Yang博士坦率地说，千人基因组计划可以揭示人类基因的地缘差异或揭示政策失误和种族差异。
Dr Yang is also candid about the possibility of the 1, 000-genome project revealing systematic geographical differences in human genetics-or, to put it politically incorrectly, racial differences.
Yang博士坦率地说，千人基因组计划可以揭示人类基因的地缘差异或揭示政策失误和种族差异。
Dr Yang is also candid about the possibility of the 1,000-genome project revealing systematic geographical differences in human genetics-or, to put it politically incorrectly, racial differences.
如果把人类基因组视作“生命之书”，他们绘制了大量字母或短语的变异——但忽视了“书”中篇幅更大的整页乃至整章的删节和重复内容。
Looking at the human genome as a "book of life" they have mapped vast Numbers of variations in letters or short words - but missed much larger deletions and duplications of pages or chapters.
“这意味着酒精影响了小鼠的表观基因组——控制基因的开启或关闭，”Chong说。
"This means that the alcohol was affecting the epigenome of the mice - controlling whether their genes were switched on or off," says Chong.
还有一些基因是所谓的“主要调节子”，扮演启动或关闭基因组其他基因的角色。
Yet others are so-called "master regulators", acting as switches to turn genes elsewhere in the genome on or off.
按照定义，一个孤雌生殖的种群全部是雌性，无论赋予或去除稀有突变，结果都是：一只轮虫的后代的基因组与她完全一样。
A parthenogenetic population is, by definition, all female and the result, give or take the odd mutation, is that a rotifer's daughters are genetically identical to her.
之后，这些小的反义RNA可能会在RNA拼接中发挥作用，如在选择压力下修复基因组中一个区域，抑或在丧失或损坏一个模块后恢复一个读码框。
Such small antisense RNAs may later have gained a role in RNA editing, possibly under selective pressure to repair a region or restore a reading frame after loss or erosion of a module.
因而，“旨在为大部分或全部基因组绘图并排序的研究和技术活动被称为基因组计划”。
Subsequently, "research and technology efforts aimed at mapping and sequencing large portions or entire genomes are called genome projects".
植物特异DNA序列是指在某些植物属、种、基因组或染色体上单独具有的特异存在的DNA序列。
The specific sequences of DNA in plants were the DNA sequences that were specific existed in some chromosome, genome, species or genus of plant.
人体中的每一个细胞，和其他动植物一样，都包含了完整的“基因组”，或称为使他们是特定有机体的基因蓝图。
Every cell in the human body, and that of plants and other animals, contains the entire "genome," or genetic blueprint of life of the particular organism.
蛋白质组学是对由一个基因组，或一个细胞、组织表达的所有蛋白质视为一个整体进行研究，是后基因时代的生命科学研究的重心。
Proteomics is the integrated study of total expressed proteins by genome, cells or tissue, and it is the core of the research on life science in the post-genome era.
近年来利用家系或同胞对，采用基因组扫描研究候选基因策略非常活跃。
The research of candidate gene by scanning genome of family and sibling pair is very attractive.
明天的疫苗有可能是极为尖端的复合物，由病毒、细菌或寄生虫基因组的原始DNA的小片段构成。
The vaccines of tomorrow are likely to be far more sophisticated concoctions, made up of snippets of raw DNA from the genome of a virus, bacterium or parasite.
明天的疫苗有可能是极为尖端的复合物，由病毒、细菌或寄生虫基因组的原始DNA的小片段构成。
The vaccines of tomorrow are likely to be far more sophisticated concoctions, made up of snippets of raw DNA from the genome of a virus, bacterium or parasite.
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