这些变更是由各种因素驱动的，比如业务扩张、合并、竞争压力、成本缩减、策略变更等等。
Changes are driven by various factors like expansion of business, mergers, competitive pressure, cost-cutting, policy changes, and more.
结果将金融的动荡性从货币市场转到了债券市场，没有竞争力的国家面临更高的借贷成本，而不是固定汇率的压力。
The eventual effect was to move financial volatility from the currency to the bond markets, with uncompetitive countries facing higher borrowing costs rather than pressure on their exchange-rate pegs.
上月，渣打银行(虽然总部设于英国但是在亚洲有很多分支机构)出炉了一份营业表以警告“日趋激烈的人力资源竞争”造成的成本压力。
Last month, Standard chartered-based in Britain but with a large footprint in asia-issued a trading statement that warned of cost pressures related to "increasing competition for staff".
他们必须应付不断增加的技工的工资成本，缺乏合适的工作人员的压力，还有来自当地的价格竞争。
They must cope with rising wages for skilled workers, a shortage of suitable staff and pricing pressure from local competitors.
近年来，由于成本与竞争的压力，A公司已将部分电热毯产品的生产制造从美国逐渐转移到了中国。
Recently, due to the pressure of ever increasing cost and competition, a company has transferred part of her heating blankets manufacturing from America to China.
换句话说，如果为顾客提供服务的成本(暂时忽略支持的费用)为“0”，那么这个产品在市场上的长期价格也将会是“0”(这是由竞争压力形成的)。
In other words, if the cost to serve a customer (support aside) is zero, the long-term price of the product in the market will be zero (because of competitive pressure).
由于缺少外部竞争压力，企业缺乏追求成本最小化的刺激，导致经营成本和产品价格居高不下。
For less of competitive pressure, the state-operated firms were deficient in seeking the lowest cost, and which led to high production costs and high products prices.
建立策略成本管理在全球零售市场中是一种最有效对抗竞争压力的方法。
Developing a strategic cost management system is one of the best defenses against the competitive pressures in global retail markets.
有些人认为，垄断者(很大程度上免受竞争的压力)是不会有动力最小化成本和进行技术革新的。
It is sometimes argued that monopolists, being largely immune from competitive pressures, will not have the appropriate incentives to minimize costs or undertake technological change.
目前，在中国城市，特别是一线城市存在着工作竞争激烈、生活成本高、人均社会资源匮乏等现象，这些情况造成城市居民，特别是中青年人群的精神压力极大。
One such problem is chronic mental stress. High competition at work, high living costs, and low levels of social resources are leading to significant, chronic stress among Chinese citizens.
在市场竞争的压力下，项目的成本对企业的利润空间大小起着至关重要的作用。
As the pressure of market competition, the cost of project is very important for the profit of the enterprise.
炼油生产企业是流程工业的典型代表，激烈的市场竞争使炼油企业提高利润和减小成本的压力越来越大。
Refinery production enterprise is a typical representative of process industry, which meets the growing pressure of improving profits and reducing cost from market competition.
但是，由于人力成本增长、人民币升值压力的制约，我国物流企业的竞争力逐渐被削弱。
However, because of the labor cost increase, and the restriction of RMB appreciation pressure, the competitiveness of logistics enterprise in our country has gradually weakened.
二是行业的垄断性导致竞争力不足，而竞争力不足又降低了成本约束力的外部压力程度；
The second reason is insufficient competition due to the monopoly which reduces the control over the cost.
当然，如果能源价格上涨，生产成本将增加，但是这样会增加公司和外国竞争者的压力，谁为能源支付更少就更有竞争力，所以税收不能太高。
Of course, if energy prices go up, the cost of production will increase and companies may lose out to foreign competitors who pay less for their energy, so taxes cannot be too high.
工资增长过快可能对成本造成了压力，可能因此受到不利影响的不仅仅是价格，还包括竞争力、实际GDP增长率，各国创造更多就业机会的努力也有可能受挫于此。
Excessive wage increases could create additional cost pressures, with potential consequences not only for prices but also for competitiveness, real GDP growth and employment creation in the euro area.
工资增长过快可能对成本造成了压力，可能因此受到不利影响的不仅仅是价格，还包括竞争力、实际GDP增长率，各国创造更多就业机会的努力也有可能受挫于此。
Excessive wage increases could create additional cost pressures, with potential consequences not only for prices but also for competitiveness, real GDP growth and employment creation in the euro area.
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