程度副词“哏”、句末语助词“有”等是元代新产生的语法成分。
The adverb of degree and the sentence-end particle are grammatical components newly emerged in Yuan dynasty.
句子中词与词的语法关系，词的语法作用，主要的不是依靠语序或词尾的屈折变化，而是依靠助词或助动词等粘着成分来决定的。
The grammar relationship and function of words between sentences mainly depend on particle or the adhesive components of the particle, but the word order or inflected changes at the end of sentence.
昆明话动词重叠之后能够带各种各样的补语成分，如：数量补语、结果补语、趋向补语及某些助词；动词重叠式之前还可以有形容词重叠式、副词等修饰成分。
There are some kinds of complements after the reduplicated verbs, such as quantitative complements, resultant complements, directional complements and some particles in the Kunming dialect.
昆明话动词重叠之后能够带各种各样的补语成分，如：数量补语、结果补语、趋向补语及某些助词；动词重叠式之前还可以有形容词重叠式、副词等修饰成分。
There are some kinds of complements after the reduplicated verbs, such as quantitative complements, resultant complements, directional complements and some particles in the Kunming dialect.
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