风湿性心脏病——由链球菌造成的风湿热对心脏肌肉和心脏瓣膜的损害
rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria
背景：各种心脏瓣膜病患者发病率很高，瓣膜置换术是国际上公认治疗心脏瓣膜的有效方法。
Background: the incidence of heart valve diseases is very high, valve replacement is an effective way for the treatment of heart valve diseases internationally.
组织工程心脏瓣膜的研究是心脏外科领域的研究热点之一，近年来这方面的研究正在不断拓展。
The study of tissue engineering heart valves is one of the focus about cardiovascular surgery and is developing.
orlov Boris：用于治疗例如心脏瓣膜的薄膜扩张以及用于薄膜扩张的紧固装置。
Membrane augmentation, such as of for treatment of cardiac valves, and fastening devices for membrane augmentation.
本研究的目的是产生一个完整的超结构，并重新填充与内皮细胞在模拟生理条件脱细胞，这些心脏瓣膜的目标。
The aim of this study was to generate decellularized heart valves with an intact ultra-structure and to repopulate these with endothelial cells under simulated physiological conditions.
本文综述近年来组织工程心脏瓣膜研究进展情况，并从基质材料、种植细胞及动物实验各方面探讨构建组织工程心脏瓣膜的必要性、可行性及前景。
This article reviews the current state of tissue engineering heart valve and discusses its necessity, feasibility and prospects about implanting materials, seeded cells and animal experiments.
JanaPausa, 76岁，加利福尼亚州阿瑟顿人，有严重主动脉瓣狭窄和使她不适合开心手术置换病损心脏瓣膜的肺部疾病，是一个这样的病例。
Jana Pausa, 76, of Atherton, Calif., who had both severe aortic stenosis and lung disease that made her unsuitable for open-heart surgery to replace the diseased heart valve, is one such patient.
感染的其中一个长期后果是使心脏的一个瓣膜受损。
One of the long-lasting effects of the infection is damage to a valve in the heart.
这种传感器可以穿过人体的血管，提供心脏瓣膜处的血压读数。
Threaded through a person's blood vessels, the sensor can provide blood pressure readings at the valve of the heart itself.
掌握各种瓣膜玻璃体的血流动力学和心脏结构变化。
To master the fluid of hemodynamics of various valvular vitium of the heart and heart structure change.
结合细胞遗传工程和化学工程以创造器官和组织如：皮肤、骨头、心脏瓣膜和软骨关节的技术。
Technology combining genetic engineering of cells with chemical engineering to create artificial organs and tissues such as skin, bone, heart valves, and cartilage for joints.
她们的器官和我们的是如此相似，以至于心脏瓣膜被用于人体主动脉瓣或二尖瓣替换手术。
Their organs are so similar to our own that pig heart valves are used to replace human aortic or mitral valves.
他的心脏已经分成了四个腔室，瓣膜也开始形成了。
His heart has divided into four Chambers and its valves are beginning to form.
心脏病人的寿命越来越长，在血管支架、心脏搭桥或者心瓣膜置换手术后，病人最长可以活20年。
Cardiac patients are living longer and longer — up to 20 years after receiving stents, a heart bypass, or heart-valve replacements.
冠脉狭窄、心梗、心瓣膜病、手术史、心肌病和其他心脏损伤是绝大多数心律失常的危险因素。
Narrowed heart arteries, heart attack, abnormal valves, prior heart surgery, cardiomyopathy and other heart damage are risk factors for almost any kind of arrhythmia.
伊丽莎白长期以来都患有心脏病，并曾在2009年进行过心脏手术、更换有漏洞的心脏瓣膜。
Dame Elizabeth had heart surgery in 2009 to replace a leaky valve and has a long history of health problems.
锂盐药物在1970年获得美国食品药品管理局（FDA）最初批准时，还被认为可能导致服药的母亲生下心脏瓣膜缺损的婴儿，而且所谓的比例还非常高（约为1/50）。
When it was first approved by the FDA in 1970, lithium was believed to cause heart-valve defects in an extremely high percentage of infants born to mothers who were on the drug (about 1 in 50).
风湿性心脏病是风湿热引起的炎症和伤疤使心脏瓣膜和心肌受损造成的。
Rheumatic heart disease is caused by damage to the heart valves and heart muscle from the inflammation and scarring caused by rheumatic fever.
已研发出治疗心血管病的有效医疗器材，例如起博器、人工心脏瓣膜和贴补心脏漏洞的心脏贴。
Medical devices are required to treat some CVDs. Such devices include pacemakers, prosthetic valves, and patches for closing holes in the heart.
碎块式的出血是被心脏瓣膜感染排出来并堆积在小血管里的血块。
Splinter hemorrhages are blood clots that have been thrown off by the infection and then have lodged in the small blood vessels.
法国医疗监督机构卫生安全和健康产品委员会（l'Afssaps）劝告那些服用过治疗糖尿病的药物美蒂拓的患者接受心脏瓣膜损伤检查。
The French medical watchdog agency l'Afssaps has recently recommended that patients who took diabetes drug mediator should get tested for heart value damage.
当去年11月afssaps将此药物撤出市场之时，仍有三十万人在服用此药，Afssaps说这种药物对糖尿病的治疗效果很小，并且可能导致危险的心脏瓣膜肥大。
Some 300,000 people were taking the drug when Afssaps pulled it from the market last November, saying it had little effect on diabetes and might lead to a dangerous thickening of heart valves.
目前他们已经通过这种技术制造出了全功能的心脏瓣膜。
So far they have managed to make fully functioning heart valves using the technique.
患者可选用其它治疗药物，包括三种与心脏瓣膜疾病无关的其它多巴胺激动剂。
There are alternative therapies available for Parkinson's disease, including three other dopamine agonists that have not been associated with valvular heart disease.
描述心瓣膜的解剖功能，并举出有关瓣膜性心脏病的病因。
Describe the valvular anatomy of the heart and list etiologies for valvular heart disease.
这两种药物著名的复方减肥药双芬药（fen-phen）的一部分，曾经导致数千例心脏瓣膜损伤，以及数量很少的致命性的肺脏疾病。
The drugs were linked to thousands of reports of heart-valve damage as well as cases of a rare but often deadly lung disease.
这两种药物著名的复方减肥药双芬药（fen-phen）的一部分，曾经导致数千例心脏瓣膜损伤，以及数量很少的致命性的肺脏疾病。
The drugs were linked to thousands of reports of heart-valve damage as well as cases of a rare but often deadly lung disease.
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