目的探讨运用超声引导经皮肾穿刺微造瘘治疗肾结石(MPCNL)的疗效，适应症及护理。
Objective to evaluate the therapeutic effect and indication and its nursing care of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) guided by ultrasound in the treatment of renal calculi.
目的探讨经皮肾微造瘘钬激光腔内切开治疗肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄（UPJO）的方法及疗效。
Objective To explore of percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy using the holmium laser for ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO)associated with upper tract stones.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
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