光谱显示，这些恒星在膨胀的红巨星阶段肯定曾经吞没过这些行星。
The spectra show that the stars must have swallowed such planets during their expansive, red-giant stage.
在此阶段，这个恒星变成了巨大的红巨星。
红巨星难道是在某天早晨醒来后忽然决定进行超新星爆发？
Does a red giant wake up one morning and suddenly just decide to go supernova?
但是，像太阳这样的恒星，当核心的核燃料耗尽时，就会发生膨胀，成为胀大的红巨星。
But stars like our sun swell into bloated red giants when the nuclear fuel in their cores is depleted.
2005年，一组国际天文学家发现，衰亡的红巨星能够像除纤颤器一样工作，让这颗冰冷的星球起死回生。
In 2005, an international team of astronomers discovered that dying red giant stars could act like a defibrillator and bring icy planets back from the dead.
红巨星内部的对流碰撞出新的原始尘埃原子会从其核心撞到表面。
Convection within the red giant dredges the new proto-dust atoms from the core up to the surface.
这颗恒星处于衰退期，已经变成了一个红巨星。
The star is in its twilight years, having become a red giant.
那么这颗恒星越大，其消耗能量的速度就越高，从而其变成一个膨胀红巨星的速度则越快。
The bigger a star is, the more rapidly it burns up its fuel, and the quicker it becomes a bloated red giant.
首先，它非常非常老了——它经历过红巨星阶段，这一阶段的恒星会急剧膨胀，吞噬在临近轨道运行的行星。
First, it's really old - past the Red Giant phase, when stars balloon in size and swallow up planets in close orbits.
一种解释是HIP 13044在红巨星阶段吞噬了它的一些带内行星，这可能使它自转得更快。
One explanation is that HIP 13044 swallowed its inner planets during the red giant phase, which would make the star spin more quickly.
即使这样有助于地球度过太阳的红巨星阶段，但它的最终命运仍然未卜。
Even though this would help Earth to survive the sun's red giant phase, its ultimate fate is probably sealed.
太阳就变成了所谓哦红巨星，它的半径将会达到以前金星的运行轨道。
The sun will then become what's called a red giant, and its radius will reach just past the orbit of Venus.
红巨星只在短期内存在——可能只有十亿年，相比起来，像太阳这样的恒星将在百亿年中持续燃烧它们的氢。
Red giants exist for only a short time—perhaps just a billion years compared with the ten billion the same star may already have spent burning hydrogen like our own sun.
红巨星的温度足够高，可以将其核心中由氢聚变成的氦再转变为重元素，比如碳。
Red giants are hot enough to turn the helium at their core, which was made by fusing hydrogen, into heavy elements like carbon.
星团中演化了的红巨星、蓝巨星显现出黄、蓝色调。
The cluster's evolved red and blue giant stars show up in yellowish and blue tints.
这些主要臂上有最大密度的年幼明亮恒星和较老的红巨星。
These major arms have the greatest densities of both young, bright stars and older, so-called red-giant stars.
参宿四，是距离地球640光年的猎户星座中的一颗红巨星，这意味着它的生命将会因为爆炸而即将结束。
Betelgeuse, which is part of the Orion constellation 640 light years away from Earth, is a red supergiant, meaning that it is nearing the end of its life and is due to explode.
Gliese 581是一颗已经接近生命终点的红巨星，星光十分暗淡，在没有天文望远镜的情况下，从夜空中根本无法看到。
Its star is a red giant - a massive star near the end of its life. It is too dim to see in the night sky from Earth without a telescope.
那些不到8个太阳质量的小恒星就会扩大成红巨星，最终缩小成白矮星。
Stars smaller than eight solar masses simply expand into red giants and then dwindle away into white dwarfs.
只有2%的红巨星会如此演变，成为B型亚矮星（“B-typesubdwarfs”）。
Only about 2% of red giants follow this fate, to become stars known as “B-type subdwarfs”.
之后，据推测太阳会成变成一颗红巨星，因为到那时候现在构成太阳的氢气燃烧殆尽，太阳转而燃烧氦气。
After that it is expected to become a red giant, as the hydrogen that presently comprises it is exhausted and the sun switches to burning helium instead.
当一颗类日恒星大部分的氢聚变为氦，氦又聚变成碳的时候，它就变得不再稳定，而膨胀成一颗红巨星。
When a star similar to the sun fuses most of its hydrogen into helium, then the helium into carbon, the star becomes unstable and puffs out into a red giant.
星团中最明亮的微红色恒星是远古的红巨星。
The brightest reddish stars in the cluster are ancient red giants.
首先，它太老了——甚至已经经过了红巨星阶段，红巨星阶段的恒星体积会迅速膨胀，并吞没近轨道的行星。
First, it's really old-past the Red Giant phase, when stars balloon in size and swallow up planets in close orbits.
天文学家认为这些被称为红矮星的恒星不会聚合氢以外的物质，这就意味着它们永远不会成为红巨星。
Still, astronomers calculate these stars, known as red dwarfs, will never fuse anything but hydrogen, which means they will never become red giants.
当它们离开主序时，它们会成为鲜红色的超红巨星，最终变得足够热，以至于能够将碳聚变为更重的元素。
When they leave the main sequence, they become a bright red supergiant, and eventually become hot enough to fuse carbon into heavier elements.
这使得恒星的外层急剧膨胀，并因冷却而发出红色的光，而成为了一颗红巨星。
This causes the star's outer layers to expand enormously and to cool and glow red as they do so, rendering the star a red giant.
这使得恒星的外层急剧膨胀，并因冷却而发出红色的光，而成为了一颗红巨星。
This causes the star's outer layers to expand enormously and to cool and glow red as they do so, rendering the star a red giant.
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