将抽象层次应用到IT解决方案。
本文展示了将抽象层次应用到IT解决方案的技术。
This article presents techniques for applying levels of abstraction to IT solutions.
当把抽象层次应用到软件时，这些原则也同样适用。
These principles also hold true when applying levels of abstraction to software.
当序列，这些积累起来的，更高层次应用的响应可以大打折扣。
When sequences of these accumulate, higher level application responsiveness can suffer dramatically.
跟踪是对图像分割的高层次应用，体现了分割的实际应用价值。
Tracking is the high-level application of image segmentation, which reflects the practical value of segmentation, and their combination promotes the development of image_ processing technology.
优化分为两个部分：多种渠道的融合与双向沟通，呼叫中心业务的深层次应用。
Optimization divided into two section: multi channels and mutual communication, and deep-going application of business of calling center.
实现企业操作层、运营管理层、决策层在统一的信息平台上协同工作及分层次应用。
Thus, cooperative work and application at information platform between operation layer, management layer and decision level are realized.
PKI是一种通信网络安全的标准接口，可以为不同层次应用提供统一、透明的安全保障。
PKI is a standard interface of network security, and it may provide unanimous and clear security ensurer for all kinds of applications.
在应用程序架构级别，你必须上升到另一个层次。
At the application architecture level, you have to step up to another level.
依赖注入让您将应用程序的主要层次编织到一起，从而使您产生一个松散耦合应用程序。
Dependency injection lets you weave together the main layers of your application, thereby lets you produce a loosely coupled application.
相同的概念应用于这些抽象的层次或者不同的关注点之间。
The same concepts apply at any of these levels of abstraction or across different concerns.
对于此实例，我们将忽略对由于UI变更导致的应用程序中的对象层次的可能的变更。
For this example, we are ignoring possible changes to the object hierarchy in the application that result from UI changes.
那么不同的技能层次如何应用到像这样的一个模型当中呢？
So how do the different skill levels respond to a model like this?
应用了系统层次的范围规则，在线定单系统就作为黑盒子中心的演员。
Applying the scoping rules for the system level, the online order system serves as the black box central actor.
授权可以应用若干个不同的层次。
了解应用程序在各个层次上的性能以及如何处理每类事务或存在延迟的地方，这是至关重要的一个方面。
Understanding how the application is performing on each tier and for each class of transaction or where latency exists in the code is crucial.
宏观层次就是构建和应用范围，而微观层次处于领域层，领域类在与数据库发生交互时发布事件。
The macro level is build and application wide and the micro level happens at the domain layer, where domain classes publish the events whenever they interact with the database.
为了定位问题，你需要分析互联网的数据、云提供商的数据和应用的各个层次。
You need data on the Internet as a whole, your cloud provider as a whole, and your individual application’s various tiers, in order to properly triage the problem.
应用抽象层次时的核心原则。
这起始于jdk 1.5，那时DougLea和他的JSR 166专家组添加了API层次支持以将应用分解为多个可以并行执行的任务。
It started way back in JDK 1.5 when Doug Lea and his JSR 166 expert group added their API level support for breaking up an application into tasks that could be executed in parallel.
它们在高于单元测试的层次上测试应用程序。
They test the application at a higher level than unit tests.
但是，真正的好处在于将这种技术作为出发点，以创建特定于应用程序的异常层次结构。
The real benefit, however, is in using this technique as the starting point to create an application-specific hierarchy of exceptions.
依赖注入让您将应用程序的主要层次编织到一起，从而，这使您产生一个具有视图、模型和控制器层的松散耦合应用程序。
Dependency injection lets you weave together the main layers of your application, which, in turn, lets you produce a loosely coupled application with view, model, and controller layers.
在几乎所有的业务应用中，需求都包含了高层次步骤的序列。
In almost all business applications the requirements contain a sequence of high level steps.
树浏览器正如其名，允许应用程序通过浏览层次结构来从树中选择节点。
The tree navigator, as the name suggests, allows applications to select nodes from the tree by navigating through the hierarchy.
他提供了如何模块化应用程序，以及如何在应用程序的不同层次处理事件等很多方面的早期指导。
He provide a lot of the early guidance of how to modularize the application, how to handle events at different layers of the applications, etc.
所有工程师在应用抽象层次时都遵循这套核心原则。
All engineers follow this core set of principles when applying levels of abstraction.
所有工程师在应用抽象层次时都遵循这套核心原则。
All engineers follow this core set of principles when applying levels of abstraction.
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