结合附合导线平差过程，文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式；通过分析与数据计算，得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律；
By its adjustment procedure, the effect formula of initial-bearing's error on adjustments of a straight and equal-side connecting traverse are introduced with the method of true error analysis.
人造叶子实际上是两边分别胶合了不同材料的催化剂的硅太阳能电池，因此不需要外部导线或者控制电路来操控。
The artificial leaf — a silicon solar cell with different catalytic materials bonded onto its two sides — needs no external wires or control circuits to operate.
提出一种在导线点上直接放样路线边桩，而无需放样路线中桩的方法，它在生产实践中有很好的效果。
A method of route surveys from traverse stations, without need of center line, is put forward. It demontrates high efficency in practice.
说明在测角网、测边网、边角同测网和导线中产生长边条件的情况。
The situation in which it produces long side condition in triagulation net, trilateration net, triangulateration net and traverse is explained.
为了准确反映电力机车的负载电流或短路电流，应将接触导线和正馈线上的电流互感器次边差接。
In order to measure accurately the load of electric locomotives and short circuit current, the secondary side of CTs connected with catenary and feeder should be connected in differential mode.
针对送电线路设计过程中，边导线风偏后对地距离的检查及处理的不足之处，建立较为精确且实用的计算公式，并实现微机自动处理。
A new, more exact and practical calculating formula is given for the wind-deviation of the transmission line and the procedure can be realized in computer.
分析了地面控制网、井下导线测量、立井定向和加测陀螺定向边对贯通大型巷道精度的影响；讨论了提高测量精度的可行性方法。
It discusses the influence of ground control network, underground traverse survey, shaft orientation and gyroscopic orientation edge append-survey on breakthrough precision.
分析了地面控制网、井下导线测量、立井定向和加测陀螺定向边对贯通大型巷道精度的影响；讨论了提高测量精度的可行性方法。
It discusses the influence of ground control network, underground traverse survey, shaft orientation and gyroscopic orientation edge append-survey on breakthrough precision.
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