哪种预期的通货膨胀调整会造成实际通货膨胀率随临时的石油价格上升而变化?。
Explain how and why the extent and speed with which expectations of inflation adjust will affect the path of the actual inflation rate following a temporary increase in oil prices.
在一个生产率迅速增长的新兴经济体国内，其实际汇率也会随着时间的推移而上升，方式则可能要么通过高通货膨胀率，要么就是名义汇率的上升。
In an emerging economy with rapid productivity growth the real exchange rate should rise over time, through either higher inflation or a rise in the nominal exchange rate.
央行今年虽先后五次加息，但加息的步伐却赶不上日渐加快的通货膨胀率增幅，因此实际贷款成本不仅没有增加，甚至下降了。
Five increases in interest rates have barely kept up with accelerating inflation, thus the cost of borrowing didn't rise, or even declined, in real terms.
过去一年利率的增长低于通货膨胀率的增长，因此利率实际上是负增长。
In the past year interest rates have risen by less than the rate of inflation has, so rates have fallen in real terms.
美国实际上的短期利率是零，而报纸头条写的通货膨胀率是3.8%；英国实际短期利率是0.5%，而报道中的通货膨胀率是4.5%。
US short rates are virtually zero while the headline inflation rate is 3.8%; in the UK, rates are 0.5% and the headline rate is 4.5%.
当不计算住房成本时，核心通货膨胀率实际上一直是上升的，在2月份达到2.6%(见图表)。
When housing costs are excluded, core inflation has actually risen, to 2.6% in February (see chart).
通货膨胀率早已高出了日本四分之一点的利率增长，将实际的比率拉回0点附近或者甚至比去年还要低。
And inflation has gone up by more than the quarter-point rise in Japanese interest rates, leaving real rates close to zero and even lower than last year.
美国实际上的短期利率是零，而报纸头条写的通货膨胀率是3.8%；
US short rates are virtually zero while the headline inflation rate is 3.8%;
在巴西，本周公布的2月份稳定的通货膨胀率，加上较高的实际利率可能会推迟预计的加息。
In Brazil itself, stable inflation Numbers for February, released this week, as well as high real rates might delay expected interest rate hikes.
美联储同样认为，保持长期汇率不变地承诺是有条件的，并不是像许多人认为的那样，一定要是6个月，而是以高失业率和低通货膨胀率(两者皆实际存在且已被预期)为前提的，如果有前提改变的话，利率自然也会跟着改变。
It does not mean six months, as many seem to think, but only as long as unemployment remains high and inflation (both actual and expected) stays low. If those things change, so will interest rates.
下跌的风险是，急剧放缓的经济，与薄弱的实际收入增长和紧缩的信贷供给，退出重大低于通货膨胀率的目标。
The downside risk was that a sharp slowdown in the economy, associated with weak real income growth and the tightening in the supply of credit, pulled inflation materially below the target.
但是官方数据相当值得怀疑，一些经济学家估计实际的通货膨胀率超过了6%。
But there is considerable skepticism about official statistics. Some economists estimate the true inflation rate is above 6%.
欧元区的通货膨胀率似乎也会到达一个低点，尽管价格实际上并没有下跌。
Inflation in the euro area seems set to reach a low then too, even if prices do not actually fall.
我一般认为债券有三个组成部分：实际收益率、预期通货膨胀率以及通货膨胀风险溢价。
I generally view bonds as having three components: the real yield, expected inflation, and an inflation risk premium.
从实际情况看，这些因素主要包括经济增长率、利率、储蓄率、通货膨胀率、政策、心理、等。
In fact, those factors include economy increasing rate, interest rate, save rate, inflation rate, policy, psychology etc.
去年年底，英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上比预测的要低半个百分点。
In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.
但是在英国情况就不是这样了，尽管出现了严重的经济萧条，实际上它的通货膨胀率一直高于英格兰银行的预期。
Not so in Britain: though there is plenty of economic slack, inflation has actually been above the Bank of England's target.
价格上扬3%，但由于通货膨胀率为5%，所以实际上还是下降了。
Price has gone up by 3% but with inflation running at 5% that is a fall in real term.
通货膨胀率低，导致低利率和积累的实际资产。
Low inflation leads to low interest rates and the accumulation of real assets.
依据法律规定，圣路易社区大学只能够选择实际增值金额、通货膨胀率或者百分之五的固定税率，三者中的最低值作为财产税收入。
The college is allowed only to increase its property tax revenues by the lowest of actual growth, the rate of inflation, or 5 percent.
低通货膨胀率的唯一途径是价格降低，而不是实际上涨价格。
Lower inflation rate only means the rate of rise in prices has come down, not the actual prices.
销售额增加3%，但通货膨胀率为5%，实际销售额还是下降了。
Sale has gone up by 3% but with inflation running at 5% that is a fall in real term.
他指示Fed的研究人员将所谓的“特殊因素”从CPI中剔除，关注于“更纯粹”的美国“实际”通货膨胀率数据。
He instructed the Fed's research staff to strip the CPI of its so-called special factors and focus on a cleaner read of America's underlying inflation rate.
销售额增加3％，但通货膨胀率为5％，实际销售额还是下降了…
Sale has gone up by3%but with inflation running at5%that is a fall in real term.
销售额增加3％，但通货膨胀率为5％，实际销售额还是下降了…
Sale has gone up by3%but with inflation running at5%that is a fall in real term.
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