有证据表明，企业认为，无论何时裁员，他们的行为都是理性的；然而最近的研究表明，裁员对企业的实际经济影响往往是负面的。
There is evidence that firms believe they are behaving rationally whenever they downsize; yet recent research has shown that the actual economic effects of downsizing are often negative for firms.
在过去三年中每人的实际经济收入增长了大约16%。
Real income per head rose by about 16 per cent in the past three years.
也就是，对实际经济的作用是一样的。
这意味着自2010年至今的实际经济年增长率是3.2%。
This means that the economy has in effect been growing at an annualised rate of 3.2% since the start of 2010.
按照休谟和其他人的看法，实际经济变量不会随着货币供给的改变而改变。
According to Hume and others, real economic variables do not change with changes in the money supply.
贪大、求洋、求新、超越实际经济承受能力的城市建筑正在中国大张旗鼓的上演。
The city buildings which are in pursuit of big, foreign and new scales excessively and beyond actual economics are performing.
产出缺口是一国实际经济产出和按照该国所获资本、专门技能和劳动力所能得到的最大产出的差额。
The output gap is the difference between actual economic output and the most the economy could produce given the capital, know-how and people available.
负有改造社会经济的使命，而实际经济绩效不足，但一定程度上促进了乡村社会变迁。
It takes on the mission of changing the social economy, but which the economy performance was finite in fact; meanwhile the cooperative accelerated the rural social change at a certain extent.
人力资源作为经济增长的主要途径，不是一个空洞的概念，而是一系列的实际经济过程。
As the main path that promotes the economical increasing, human resource is not an empty conception, but it is a series of economic procession.
如果银行危机导致整个支付系统失灵，并损害了实际经济，银行危机就是狭义的金融危机。
And it just means financial crisis while it leads to the disorder of the whole payment system and the decreases of real economy.
第三，利用模拟经济得到的特征事实和实际经济进行比较，分析模型的解释力和不足之处。
Third, the use of the fact that simulated the characteristics of the economy and real economic comparison model of explanation and deficiencies.
造成这场危机变得如此严重的原因，与信贷市场之间以及信贷市场与实际经济之间的紧密联系有关。
The reason why this crisis is so nasty has to do with the deep interlinkages within the credit market, and between the credit market and the real economy.
共同货币区理论曾一度被认为是纯粹学术的问题，对实际经济运行和政策制定基本上没有太多的指导作用。
The theory of common currency area used to be regarded as a pure-academic issue and of little use in the real economy and policy-making.
如果国际金融市场的动荡能尽快得到遏制且对实际经济的影响能有效控制，那么全球产出仍有望取得2.6%的增长(GDP以市场汇率计算)。
If turbulence in international financial markets could be contained soon, and its impact on the real economy limited, world output could still grow at 2.6% (GDP measured at market exchange rates).
“你可以宣布定量宽松政策已经成功”，一位对冲基金经济学家说，“这是否转换成实际经济活动还是未知数，但是回答了是否机制开始运行的问题。”
Whether this translates into real activity remains a question-mark. But the question of whether the mechanism would work has been answered.
我们一直不善于传达房地产行业能给经济增长创造的实际价值。
We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.
在2005年，正如作者所观察到的，法国的人均实际消费仅为美国的60%，表面上美国人的平均经济状况似乎比法国人好得多。
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average.
在工作准备方面，高中学位实际提供的东西远远少于他们应当提供的东西，也少于许多其他国家目前所提供的，这在我们的经济上造成了越来越大的技能差距。
High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy.
实际GDP几乎总是高于以往任何时候；它只在经济衰退期间下降。
The real GDP is almost always higher than ever before; it falls only during recessions.
GDP不仅掩盖了这种侵蚀现象，它实际上还可以将其描述为一种经济收益：沿海地区的石油泄漏“提升” GDP，因为它产生了商业活动。
Not only does the GDP mask this erosion, it can actually portray it as an economic gain: an oil spill off a coastal region "adds" to the GDP because it generates commercial activity.
它涉及粗略的写作技巧，但就其经济性、自发性甚至是庸俗性而言，发短信实际上是一种新型的谈话方式，具有自己的语法和惯例。
It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.
考虑到高失业率、通货膨胀问题和实际收入增长缓慢，有工作的妻子可以增加家庭收入，并减轻一些这些紧迫的经济负担。
Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens.
低碳经济实际上就是有效利用能源，发展绿色能源，还有追求绿色发展。
In essence, low-carbon economy is efficient usage of energy, development of clean energy and pursuit of green development.
在充分肯定市场经济的同时，实际的某些人为了自己的利益常常不言而喻。
While affirming fully market economy, actual some people for one's own interests often break one's word, swindle.
现在，经济增长的实际利率接近9%，比以前的经济增长更慢，实际收入增长足够快，人们都愿意忍受一段时间的高通货膨胀。
Now, with real rates of economic growth near 9%, and slower population growth than before, real incomes are rising fast enough that people are willing to put up with high inflation for some time.
现在人们很清楚美国经济在实际产出方面还未重返三年前的顶峰。
It is now clear that the American economy has yet to reattain its previous peak in real output, achieved three full years ago.
现在人们很清楚美国经济在实际产出方面还未重返三年前的顶峰。
It is now clear that the American economy has yet to reattain its previous peak in real output, achieved three full years ago.
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