第三是诸如德国这样的债权国的情绪，德国一再坚持私有债券持有者应作出实质性贡献。
A third is the mood of creditor countries such as Germany, which have been insisting on a "substantial" contribution by private bondholders.
在各个案例中，法院一直持有这样的见解，一旦出示对健康危害的实质性证据，那么举证的责任就在制造商一方。
In each case the court has held that the burden of proof is on the manufacturer once substantial evidence of a health hazard has been shown.
公民精神实质上就是公民对公共事务所持有的价值与信念，充满活力的公民和有效的公共行政是相辅相成的。
Civism is essentially the citizens 'value and belief toward the Commons. The vibrant citizens and efficient public administration complement and supplement each other.
而判断“实质”与否，英国法和美国法又持有不同的理论。
While, to decide whether it is "of essence", the British law and American law have different theories.
而判断“实质”与否，英国法和美国法又持有不同的理论。
While, to decide whether it is "of essence", the British law and American law have different theories.
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