对孤立系统，熵的变化是大于零的。
Change in entropy is greater than zero for an isolated system.
对孤立系统，大家从前可能见过这个公式。
为什么孤立系统的熵不会减少？
但是大部分的化学反应，并不是发生在孤立系统中的。
Most chemical changes, most physical changes don't happen in isolated systems.
这样，对孤立系统，能量的简并度是,粒子位置可能的状态数。
So, if the system is isolated, then the degeneracy of your energy is just a number of waysthat you can flip the positions around.
对于孤立系统,决定一个过程是否自发发生的判据为：,熵必须增加。
When we have an isolated system, the criterion that determineswhether something happens spontaneously is the entropy has to increase.
就像我们前面看到的，孤立系统的熵一样，现在我们有一些可以计算的东西。
And just like we saw before for the case of entropy in an isolated system, now we have something we can calculate.
掌握卡诺定理及其应用。※掌握孤立系统墒增原理及其在能量损耗计算上的应用。
Grasp the Entropy Increase Principle of Isolated System and its application in energy losses calculation.
我们不讨论，这是隐含条件，因为我们讨论的是孤立系统，因此系统没有物质流失。
We don't say anything about implicitly here, we're talking about a closed system, so there's no mass leaving the system.
道路网络看起来很象血管系统，它们与计算机网络也很相似，这是因为互联系统比孤立系统更具竞争力。
Road networks look like vascular systems, and both look like computer networks, because interconnected systems outcompete isolated systems.
在孤立系统内，能量从一种形式（力学的、热学的、化学的等等）转变为另一种形式，一切形式的能量的总和保持不变。
When energy is changed from one form to another in an isolated system, there is no change in the total amount of energy.
热力学三个基本定律的表述繁多，但其前提常常是正温度条件下孤立系统的结论，鲜见有关于负温度系统下的有关表述。
It has many representations on the three basic laws of thermodynamics, but their presuppositions are often conclusions under the positive temperature and the isolated system.
通过对克劳修斯熵、玻耳兹曼熵的讨论，得到熵的本质和孤立系统的熵增加原理，并把孤立系统的熵增加原理推广为开放系统的熵原理。
Entropy increase principle in isolated system, which is deduced from the discussion of Clausius entropy and Boltzmann entropy, has further deduced entropy principle in open system as well.
系统可以是开系，可以是闭系，或是孤立系。
The system can be an open system, or it can be a closed system, or it can be isolated.
系统可以是开系，可以是闭系，或是孤立系。
The system can be an open system, or it can be a closed system, or it can be isolated.
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