套期保值者有责任注意外的样品性能，但没有样品性能已经发生了。
Hedgers are liable to pay attention to out-of-sample performance but not in-sample performance already occurred.
套期保值者利用期货市场保护其现货业务，以回避对其业务获利底线形成负面影响的不利价格波动。
Hedgers use the futures market to protect their businesses, from adverse price changes that could negatively impact the bottom-line profitability of their businesses.
其基本思想是将现货市场价格的波动性转化为基差波动性风险，这也是套期保值者进行套期保值操作的理论依据。
The basic idea is changing the spot market into the risk of basis risk. It is also theory gist of hedging operation.
在利用股指期货对股票组合进行套期保值时，可能面临各种风险，其中，基差风险是套期保值者面临的最主要风险。
Many kinds of risks may be faced with when investors use stock index futures to hedge the stock portfolio.
与套期保值者转移价格风险、放弃风险收益的属性相对应，股指期货市场中的投机者就是承担价格风险和追逐风险收益。
Corresponding to hedgers' transferring price risk and abandoning risk earnings, the speculators in the stock index futures market shall intentionally take the risk from hedgers in pursuit of profit.
缩小定制衍生产品的范围将使得航空公司、制造商和石油生产者更难进行套期保值，对银行也是一样。
Reducing the scope for bespoke products would make hedging more difficult for airlines, manufacturers and oil producers as well as banks.
假定投资者是绝对的风险厌恶者，其保值的目的是将风险最小化，由此得到最小方差下的套期保值比率。
Assume investors are absolute risk averter, and it is their aim to minimize its risk, and get hedge ratio under it.
作为一种理想的需求侧电价机制，通过结合与rtp相关的各类套期保值合同，RTP的价格波动风险可以在市场参与者之间合理分摊。
As an ideal demand side tariff mechanism, the price volatility risk of RTP can be rationally Shared among market participants by integrating various RTP-related hedge contracts.
指衍生工具持有者不能以合理的价格迅速地卖出或将该工具转手而导致损失的可能性，包括不能对头寸进行冲抵或套期保值的风险。
The risk that a hold of derivatives can not sell the underlying instrument by the reasonable price. It includes that the holder can not offset the long or short.
利用向量误差修正模型可以估计最小风险套期保值比，为投资者综合选择风险最小的套期保值策略提供了现实的、可操作的定量分析工具。
VECM model is helpful to estimate the hedge ratio with minimum risk which provides investors a practical and operable implement to choose hedging approaches.
通常目的旨在套期保值，退休金和共同基金，但是介绍为了预期单独的投资者。
It generally will be aimed at hedge, pension and mutual funds, but presentations are expected for individual investors.
假定投资者是绝对的风险厌恶者，其保值的目的是为了将风险最小化，由此可以得到最小方差下的套期保值比率。
The assumption that investors are absolute risk aversion, its value is designed to minimize the risks, which can be minimum variance under the hedging rate.
在期货市场上，投资者可以通过动态复制期货期权的组合保险技术，在规避大的损失前提下，实现套期保值目标。
The empirical result shows that investors can realize risk management through a dynamic duplication of a future option.
黄金期货的推出将为相关企业提供套期保值的工具，同时也增加了投资者的投资选择。
The gold future will not only provide relevant companies with hedging tools, but also afford investing choices for investors.
股指期货是投资者进行套期保值的主要工具，通过做空股指期货，可以达到规避系统性风险和锁定收益的目的。
Stocks Index Futures is the major tool for the investors' hedging, by putting stock index futures on a fall, to reach the goal of avoiding risk and locking yield.
股指期货是投资者进行套期保值的主要工具，通过做空股指期货，可以达到规避系统性风险和锁定收益的目的。
Stocks Index Futures is the major tool for the investors' hedging, by putting stock index futures on a fall, to reach the goal of avoiding risk and locking yield.
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