目的探讨初始多耐药结核的发病原因及治疗对策。
Objective To investigate the emerged causes and treatment methods of primarily multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
结核病的耐药性分成单耐药、多耐药、耐多药、严重耐多药这几个层次。
TB drug resistance is divided into single-drug resistance, multidrug resistance, MDR, MDR-serious levels of these.
而最重要的，莫过于是多耐药结核病例增加，病人肺内的结核菌对多种抗结核药物发生耐药。
And most important, is a multi-drug-resistant TB cases increased, the pulmonary tuberculosis patients a wide range of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance occurred.
埃塞俄比亚在2014年新增约1300例多耐药病例，但是只有不到45%的病患得到治疗。
Ethiopia had approximately 1,300 new multi-drug resistant cases in 2014, with less than 45 percent treated.
其他专家则认为，如果结核治愈率像WHO公布的那么高的话，那么现在也就不会有这么多耐药型结核了。
Other experts countered that if treatment rates were as high as WHO claimed, there would be less drug-resistant tuberculosis.
但是该论文指出，现在临床微生物学家日益赞同，活跃于肠道中的多耐药性革兰阴性菌，才对公众健康构成最大威胁。
But now, says the Lancet paper, clinical microbiologists increasingly agree that multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which thrive in the gut, pose the greatest risk to public health.
此外，美国国际开发署还建立了一个多耐药模型项目(这个项目和肺结核、艾滋病服务是一体的)，在地区和当地宣传扩展肺结核专业知识。
Additionally, USAID created a model multi-drug resistant program, integrated TB and HIV services, and expanded TB expertise at zonal and local levels.
在美国这种细菌每年造成的死亡比艾滋病还要多，部分是由于它能很快对抗生素产生耐药性。
The bacterium is responsible for more U.S. deaths each year than HIV/AIDS, in part because it quickly develops resistance to antibiotics.
去年世卫组织抗结核耐药报告说明了在一般人群中结核病耐多药情况已达到前所未有的最高水平。
Last year, the WHO report on anti-TB drug resistance documented the highest levels of multi-drug resistance ever recorded in a general population.
我们还知道，来自迄今开展的唯一全球研究的结果显示，在有些地方，也许多达19%的耐多药结核病例实际上是广泛耐药结核，但这可能是不寻常的。
We also know that findings from the only global study carried out so far showed that in some places perhaps as many as 19% of MDR-TB cases were in fact XDR-TB, but this is likely to be uncommon.
耐多药结核描述至少对两种主要一线抗结核药物-异烟肼和利福平具耐药性的结核菌株。
MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistant TB) describes strains of tuberculosis that are resistant to at least the two main first-line TB drugs - isoniazid and rifampicin.
形成耐多药结核或广泛耐药结核的第二个途径是患者自身的结核产生耐药性。
A second way of developing MDR-TB or XDR-TB is when a patient's own TB develops resistance.
耐多药结核病是耐药结核病的一种特殊形式，由于某一杆菌至少对异烟肼和利福平这两个最强有力的抗结核药品产生耐药而造成。
MDR-TB is a specific form of drug-resistant TB due to a bacillus resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs.
如果按照控制结核战略的建议在整个卫生系统中紧急采取结核病控制措施，就可制止耐多药结核病和广泛耐药结核病的全球威胁。
The global threat of MDR-TB and XDR-TB (M/XDR-TB) can be halted if TB control measures are urgently put in place across the whole health system as recommended under the Stop TB Strategy.
2008年预计人数比全球耐多药结核/广泛耐药结核应对计划中规定的98 000人的目标要少得多。
Projections for 2008 are much less than the target of 98 000 that was set in the Global MDR-TB/XDR-TB Response Plan.
现在已有50多个国家报告出现广泛耐药结核病[2]。这是耐多药结核的一个分类，耐药性极高，结果也显著地更严重。
XDR-TB 2, a subset of MDR-TB of highly drug-resistant strains that have significantly worse outcomes, has now been reported in more than 50 countries.
随着世界抗菌素耐药性的激增，现在必须着重研究抗菌素耐药性以及多药物耐药性病原体的传播问题。
With the sharp rise of antimicrobial resistance in the world, it is key that research now focuses on antimicrobial resistance and the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens.
尚不能广泛获得诊断和治疗耐多药结核、包括广泛耐药结核的设施；全球广泛耐药结核问题的规模尚不得而知。
Facilities to diagnose and treat MDR-TB, including extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), are not yet widely available; the scale of the XDR-TB problem globally is not yet known.
现在已有50多个国家报告出现广泛耐药结核病[2]。 这是耐多药结核的一个分类，耐药性极高，结果也显著地更严重。
XDR-TB2, a subset of MDR-TB of highly drug-resistant strains that have significantly worse outcomes, has now been reported in more than 50 countries.
自2009年以来，受到耐药结核病影响最重的23个国家已经将用于耐多药结核病的预算几近翻番。
Since 2009, the 23 countries most heavily affected by TB drug resistance have nearly doubled their budgets for MDR-TB.
世卫组织还正致力于调整直接督导下的短程化疗以便迎接多药物耐药性结核和结核与艾滋病毒合并感染的特殊挑战。
WHO is also working to adapt DOTS to meet the special challenges of multi-drug resistant TB and co-infection with TB and HIV.
在大多数疟疾流行国家，对氯喹和磺胺多辛+乙胺嘧啶等较早一代抗疟药物的耐药性十分普遍。
Resistance to earlier generation antimalarial medicines such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is widespread in most malaria-endemic countries.
回到前抗生素时代的威胁是真实的，而耐多药和广泛耐药结核病的增多则是最生动的实例。
The threat of returning to a pre-antibiotic era is genuine and probably most vividly illustrated by the rise of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
在许多国家，艾滋病毒加快了结核病流行，同时多药耐药性也日益成为一大威胁。
HIV is fuelling TB epidemics in many countries and multi-drug resistance is a growing threat.
我们也认识到耐多药结核病例数目甚高，而且我们预计会出现更多的广泛耐药结核病例。
We also recognize that MDR-TB case Numbers are high, and that we expect more XDR-TB cases.
在治疗耐多药结核的二线药物被滥用的任何地方，存在着广泛耐药结核的可能性。
Wherever second-line drugs to treat MDR-TB are being misused, the possibility of XDR-TB exists.
在治疗耐多药结核的二线药物被滥用的任何地方，存在着广泛耐药结核的可能性。
Wherever second-line drugs to treat MDR-TB are being misused, the possibility of XDR-TB exists.
应用推荐