那些单细胞在一天内已经进化成多细胞生物。
The cells rapidly evolved into multi-cell creatures in a day.
20亿年前的古老化石可能是地球上最早的多细胞生物。
2-billion-year-old Fossils May Be Earliest Known Multicellular life.
这构成多细胞生物。
这构成多细胞生物。
一般来说，多细胞生物的细胞中含有一套相同的基因。
As a general rule, the cells of a multicellular organism all contain the same set of genes.
还有，认为一个小分子能引起多细胞生物阴谋研究者。
Still, the notion that a single small molecule can induce multicellularity intrigues the researchers.
成为多细胞生物意味着氧需要通过细胞而不只是通过机体的表面。
Being multicelluar means oxygen has to get to cells not on the surface of the organism.
包括最简单的多细胞生物在内，真菌大概有175,000种。
The approximately 175,000 species of fungi include some of the simplest multicellular organisms.
细胞存活与凋亡之间的平衡是多细胞生物正常发育与稳态的关键。
The balance between cell survival and apoptosis is crucial for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms.
多细胞生物需要身体中大部分的细胞采取极大的达尔文牺牲，牺牲其本身的繁殖。
Multicellularity requires most of the cells in a body to make the supreme Darwinian sacrifice, by giving up reproducing.
地球深层多细胞生物的发现，对于在太阳系其它行星寻找地下生命也有重要的启示。
The discovery of multicellular life in the deep subsurface of the Earth also has important implications for the search for subsurface life on other planets in our solar system.
如果真的是这样，那么，现代领鞭虫就给了我们一个窥探多细胞生物如何形成的机会。
If that's true, modern choanoflagellates give us a glimpse of how multicellular animals began.
多细胞生物必需对外界的信号作出适当的反应，比如说细胞对其分化的选择。
Cells in multicellular organisms need to decipher extracellular cues into appropriate responses including correct differentiation choices.
在我们最早的多细胞生物祖先于数亿年前在地球上出现时，癌症可能就已经存在。
Cancer has probably existed ever since our first multicellular ancestors appeared on Earth hundreds of millions of years ago.
从某种角度看，我们是多细胞生物，但从另一角度看，我们还有一个单纯的‘自我’。
How at one level we are cellular beings and another we are a single "self."
在多细胞生物中，细胞间连接在组织完整性和未出细胞极性过程中发挥了关键作用。
In multicellular organisms, intercellular junctions play essential roles in tissue integrity and maintenance of cell polarity.
细胞凋亡是机体正常的生理机能，是多细胞生物正常更新和清除异常细胞的重要手段。
Apoptosis, which is the basically physiological mechanism, is important on renewing the normal cells and eliminating the abnormal cells for the multicellular organism.
在此，我们研究围绕着在多细胞生物的进化信号网路中是否存在着相近的理论而展开。
Here, we investigate whether similar principles influence the evolution of signaling networks in multicellular animals.
由单细胞生物到多细胞生物，是进化史上的一个飞跃，但在时间上并不需要漫长的岁月。
From single cells to multicellular organisms, is a leap in the history of evolution, but the timing does not need a long period of time.
今天仍有一些细菌是双球菌、四球菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌，这些就是最原始的多细胞生物。
Today, there are still some meningitidis bacteria, four cocci, streptococcus and staphylococcus, which is the most primitive multicellular organism.
这些生物不到1毫米长，是属于铠甲动物门的多细胞生物。从某些方面来看，它们与水母相似。
These creatures, which measure less than 1 millimeter long, are known as loriciferans. They somewhat resemble jellyfish sprouting from a conical shell.
毫无疑问，几乎所有的多细胞生物中都发现了癌症，这暗示着癌症的起源可以追溯到数百万年前。
Sure enough, cancer is found in almost all multicellular organisms, suggesting its origins stretch back hundreds of millions of years.
本课程讨论了在分子、细胞、多细胞生物层面以及包括人类在内的生物功能的遗传学原理与应用。
This course discusses the principles of genetics with application to the study of biological function at the level of molecules, cells, and multicellular organisms, including humans.
在电子游戏(和多细胞生物)的世界中，类似《最终幻想7》中的克劳德这样的角色成为了最终主角。
In the world of video games (and multi-cellular organisms), characters such as Cloud Strife from Final Fantasy VII come off as the ultimate protagonist.
许多单细胞生物的防卫机制，在多细胞生物的所有细胞中保留下来，而其他机制仅存在于特化的细胞。
Many protective mechanisms of unicellular organisms were preserved in all cells of multi-cellular organisms, whereas others were preserved only in specialized cells.
其中一个理论说，大细胞生物、很可能还有多细胞生物死后沉入海底所散发的气体导致了这个冰河期的出现。
One theory is that the glaciation was triggered by the evolution of large cells, and possibly also multicellular organisms, that sank to the seabed after dying.
其中一个理论说，大细胞生物、很可能还有多细胞生物死后沉入海底所散发的气体导致了这个冰河期的出现。
One theory is that the glaciation was triggered by the evolution of large cells, and possibly also multicellular organisms, that sank to the seabed after dying.
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