例如，我们甚至不知道有多少恒星有行星，我们当然也不知道如果有适当的条件，生命自然出现的可能性有多大。
We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions.
多少恒星？他们是十四个。
这说起来似乎是一个很奇怪的因子，但是理解每年有多少恒星诞生，能让我们最终联想到每年有多少文明诞生。
A strange factor to consider perhaps, but understanding how many stars form each year allows us to ultimately consider how many civilizations are born each year.
在观测与银河系相邻的一群微型星系时，天文学家们发现了跟上述情况同样莫名其妙的现象：不管各星系包含多少恒星，每个星系的质量都是相同的。
Astronomers have discovered something equally puzzling while surveying a group of tiny galaxies that neighbor the Milky Way: no matter how many stars they contain, every galaxy has the same mass.
目前的底线是只能等待未来的观测结果揭示在这些最近的恒星周围实际上有多少行星了。
The bottom line at present is that only further observations will reveal how common planets actually are around the closest stars.
目前与恒星相伴的行星都是那场角力中的幸存者，并不能说明实际上有多少气态巨行星形成。
That's because planets bound to a parent star would only reflect the survivors, not how many gas giant planets actually formed.
其三是，有每颗恒星所拥有的行星当中，到底有多少颗行星是运行在适宜生命存在的轨道上(假定生命的存在需要液态水)。
After that came the number of planets per star that traveled in orbits in the right locations for life to form (assuming life requires liquid water).
该黑洞能帮助科学家解惑：大型恒星爆炸以后，它的产物到底是黑洞还是中子星；以及我们或其他银河系里到底有多少黑洞。
The black hole could help scientists better understand how massive stars explode, which ones leave behind black holes or neutron stars, and the number of black holes in our galaxy and others.
第一个因素是，每年会诞生多少颗新的恒星，第二个因素是，有多少颗恒星拥有行星。
The first factor was the number of stars born each year. The second was the fraction of stars that had planets.
我们知道每年会诞生多少颗恒星。
在1961年，只有第一个因素——每年会诞生多少颗新的恒星——是为人们所知的。
In 1961, only the first factor - the number of stars born each year - was understood.
很多年来理论学家们都一致认为其它恒星的行星和围绕太阳运行的行星多少有些相似。
For years theorists figured that other stars would have planets more or less like the ones going around the sun.
很多年来理论学家们都一致认为其它恒星的行星和围绕太阳运行的行星多少有些相似。
For years theorists figured that other stars would have planets more or less like the ones going around the sun.
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