转型经济的特征决定了我国内外部经济的矛盾。
The transforming economic characteristics determine the contradiction of internal and external economy in China.
一位外部经济学家甚至支持澳大利亚储备银行的想法。
首先，外部经济威胁对AFTA进程起着推动作用。
Firstly, external economic threats accelerate the process of AFTA.
提出了经济集聚的本质是规模经济、范围经济和外部经济共同作用的过程。
Then the paper brings forward that the essence of economic aggregation is the action by economy of scale, economy of scope, and economy of externality.
受自身结构性问题和外部经济金融风险等影响，亚洲经济仍面临较大下行压力。
Asia's economy still faces significant downward pressure as a result of its structural problems as well as external economic and financial risks.
中心城市产业演化具有规模经济的优势、外部经济的优势和结构转换能力的优势。
The industrial evolution of central cities enjoys advantageous scale economy, preferential exterior economy and strength in structural transformation.
首先，本文回顾了产业集群外部经济效应理论，为后续的比较研究和分析提供理论基础。
First of all, this paper reviews the industrial cluster external economy effect theory; offer the theoretical foundation for subsequent comparative study and analysis.
产业集群是一把“双刃剑”，对技术创新既具有外部经济效应，又具有外部不经济效应。
The industry merger is "a two-edged sword" which has both outside economical effect and outside non-economical effect on the technology innovation.
中国经济增长的特殊模式使得其容易受到外部经济表现的影响，其中外需冲击是重要的渠道。
China's unique economic growth model renders it vulnerable to adverse changes in external economic environment, with foreign demand shock being an important channel.
这些高科技工业有很高的风险，要求大规模生产已形成规模经济，当其成功时便可带来外部经济。
These high-technology industries are subject to high risks, require large-scale production to achieve economies of scale, and give rise to extensive external economies when successful.
本文的主要目的是增加对轨道交通建设外部经济的研究，进而对这一部分外部经济进行恰当的安排。
The main purpose of this article is to know the extra influence of the construction of urban rail transits better.
市场作用主要通过优质医疗资源扩张、规模经济效应、降低交易成本、外部经济内部化等形式体现；
The market role work as fine medical resource expansion, economy of scale, reducing transaction costs, external economy internalization.
在此基础上，提出并阐述了我国比较优势的内涵可以从资源、外部经济及竞争优势三个层次予以拓展。
On this basis, put forward and expounded China's comparative advantage from the connotation of resources, external economic and competitive advantage to be three levels of development.
高技术产业规模经济特征明显、附加值高、外部经济效应强烈，在推动产业结构升级中起了主导作用；
The high-tech industry with significant characteristics of scale economics, high added value, and intense extrinsic economic effect plays a leading role on the promotion of industrial upgrading.
外汇储备的规模表明了一个显而易见的事实：这些国家拒绝实行许多外部经济学家建议的自由浮动汇率制度。
The scale of the reserve accumulation demonstrates the obvious: these countries have refused to adopt the freely floating exchange rates many outside economists recommended.
总得来说，网络金融外部性是在网络金融环境中，私人成本或私人收益在金融活动中向第三方溢出的外部经济效应。
In conclusion, Network Financial Externality is the external economic effect on the tertiary side, which is imposed by the private cost or private income.
文章在借鉴已有的企业集聚研究基础上，以杭州庆春路“金融街”为例，认为金融集聚是由外部经济和区位优势而引起的自发行为。
By analyzing the case of Hangzhou Qingchun Road financial street, the paper argues that financial cluster is the spontaneous behavior led by external economy and location advantage.
影响边际成本曲线的外部经济，对于得出一条负斜率的行业供给曲线是非常重要的——图5.11即以这种情况说明上面相同的观点。
Figure 5.11 illustrates the same point for the case in which external economies affecting marginal cost curves are sufficiently important to yield a negatively sloping supply curve to the industry.
传统的具有代表性的产业集群理论包括马歇尔的外部经济论、韦伯的集聚经济论、克鲁格曼的规模报酬理论、波特的钻石模型理论等。
The traditional and representative industrial cluster theories include Marshall's External Economy Theory, Krugman's Scale Reward Theory, and Porter's Diamond Model Theory, etc.
工业经济时代，产业集群最显著的特征之一就是地理集中性，集群所带来的外部经济效应之所以得以实现，与这一特征具有明显的相关性。
The external-economy effect of industrial clusters should be attributed to geographic centralization which is one of the most remarkable characteristics of this organization.
从经济学的角度来看，为了应对负外部性，原则上应该征收的税收是准确的：对一升燃料征收的税应该等于使用一升燃料所造成的危害。
Economics is precise about the tax that should, in principle, be levied to deal with negative externalities: the tax on a liter of fuel should be equal to the harm caused by using a liter of fuel.
正面的经济外部性会产生激励。
如果不是这样，那么部分可能是因为，它坚持认为经济衰退是外部世界的泊来品。
If it has not, that may be partly because it insisted that the recession was imported from the outside world.
如果不是这样，那么部分可能是因为，它坚持认为经济衰退是外部世界的泊来品。
If it has not, that may be partly because it insisted that the recession was imported from the outside world.
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