这三种效应已为许多研究所证实，但多数研究都是使用传统的记忆任务(外显记忆测验)。
The concreteness effect, the imagery effect, and the picture superiority effect have been well established in many researches using traditional tasks (explicit memory tests).
本研究用两个实验分别考察了生成与提取的加工类型一致性对内隐和外显记忆测验生成效应的影响。
Two experiments examined whether the congruence of generating and retrieval process types affects generation effect in implicit and explicit memory.
定向遗忘的研究大多是采用外显记忆测验的任务展开，运用内隐记忆测验的研究却很少，而且研究的结果差异也非常显著。
The directed forgetting effect has been well verified in many researches using traditional tasks (explicit memory tests). However, the effect on implicit tests appears to be less clear and discrepant.
定向遗忘的研究大多是采用外显记忆测验的任务展开，运用内隐记忆测验的研究却很少，而且研究的结果差异也非常显著。
The directed forgetting effect has been well verified in many researches using traditional tasks (explicit memory tests). However, the effect on implicit tests appears to be less clear and discrepant.
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