这些外层电子被，称作价电子。
And, these outer shell electrons are termed valence electrons.
原子核对最外层电子的作用受到屏蔽。
该文通过外层电子对互斥情况来说明分子构型。
This article explains molecule form mould by the repelling of outer electric -pairs.
当外层电子填补这一空缺时铁原子将发出X射线。
When electrons from farther out fill in these gaps, the iron atoms emit X-rays.
通过对磁聚焦系统进行优化设计，外层电子注轨迹得到明显改善。
Optimization of the magnetic focusing system can decrease the radial magnetic induction and improve the electron beam quality.
原子越大，其外层电子受原子束缚力越弱，这是解释铅和锡两者差别的一部分原因。
This is partly explained because the bigger an atom is, the more weakly its outer electrons are bound to it (and hence the further those electrons are from the nucleus).
稀有气体的一阶电离势提供了一个评价的标准，能衡量外层电子被有效核电荷束缚的强度。
The first ionization potentials of the noble gases provide a measure of how firmly the outer electrons are held by the effective nuclear charge.
这些元素，不像过渡金属那样显示出可变的化合价，他们只有最外层电子参加反应。
These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell.
原子越大，其外层电子受原子束缚力越弱，这是解释铅和锡两者差别的一部分原因。
This is partly explained because the bigger an atom is, the more weakly its outer electrons are bound to it and hence the further those electrons are from the nucleus.
锗则只含4个外层电子，“所以每个磷原子给我们一个额外的电子，”Kimerling说。
Germanium has only four outer electrons, so each phosphorous gives us an extra electron, Kimerling says.
关于液态过渡金属的快速凝固过程，由于其外层电子的复杂性，一直是计算机模拟研究的热点和难点。
The rapid solidification processes of transitional metals have been considered to be a hot and difficult point for computer simulation study due to the complexity of their outer electrons.
此时原子处于激发状态，外层电子充填内层电子的空位并伴随释放出特征X射线（其能量与物质的原子量有关）。
Normally, the ejected electron will be replaced within the material and a characteristic X-ray will be emitted with an energy that is dependent on the atomic number of the material.
曾经假设，金属中原子的外层电子并不是束缚在个别原子上，这些外电子被称为价电子，因为它们是参与化学键的电子。
It was assumed that, in a metal, the outer atomic electrons, known as the valence electrons since they are the ones which take part in chemical binding.
所有的稀有气体元素的最外层电子数都是该层最大的可能数目：氦的最外层电子有两个，其它的稀有气体最外层电子数是八。这使稀有气体非常稳定。
All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (two for helium, eight for all others), making them highly stable.
这也是很合理的，因为我们,知道氢只有，1，s，轨道,这就是它最外层的轨道或者说价轨道，因此只要两个，1，s，电子就可以将它填满。
This should make a lot of sense, because we know that a hydrogen has 1 s as it's outer-most or valence orbital, so it can be filled up just with two 1 s electrons.
而原子外层的电子，只是电量和e的电量相等。
And out here we have the charge on the electron as simply equal to e.
该小组研制出一种级联-真正的瀑布形态-纳米级的材料，电子就穿梭在可见光和红外层之间。
The team engineered a cascade -- really a waterfall -- of nanometers-thick materials to shuttle electrons between the visible and infrared layers.
只有外层内的电子才会形成化学键，因此每一列中各元素化学性质均相似。
Only electrons in the outer shell can form chemical bonds, so the elements in each column are chemically similar.
要记得，我们讨论的只是价电子，也就是最外层的电子。
And remember, we're only talking about valence electrons, so the outer-most shells.
这个最外层被称作价电子层。
同时还需要良好的外层保护和特殊电子器件，从地球、太阳及其太空中传来的无线电“杂音”中过滤出dsss信号。
It would also need good shielding and special electronics to filter the DSSS signal from the radio-noise created by the Earth, the sun and the rest of the galaxy.
现在大家都知道元素的性质主要取决于元素原子的最外层能级的电子数目。
It is now known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element.
镁原子的最外层有多少电子？
通过欧杰电子能谱仪，发现水锈膜外层富含碳，在下层富含铁和氧，可能是氧化铁。
From Auger Electron Spectroscopy, it has been found that the outer layer of a rouge film is carbon rich, and the underlying region is iron and oxygen rich, probably iron oxide.
一个原子的许多性质都是由其最外层的电子所确定的。
Many properties of an atom are determined by the outermost electrons.
原子内第三层和最外层之间的一些电子层，含有多达32个电子。
Some layers between the third and last layers of an atom contain as many as 32 electrons.
该催化剂的催化加氢活性与零价钯的外层价电子密度有关。
The catalytic activity for hydrogenation was related to outer layer valence electron density of Pd.
氢和钠在外层各有一个电子。
Hydrogen and sodium each have one electron in the outer layer.
这一结论得到了俄歇电子能谱分析的佐证，因为在浸泡过的膜的外层发现有铬的存在。
This conclusion is supported by Auger electron spectroscopy data, which show a chromium uptake in the outer layers of the immersed films.
这一结论得到了俄歇电子能谱分析的佐证，因为在浸泡过的膜的外层发现有铬的存在。
This conclusion is supported by Auger electron spectroscopy data, which show a chromium uptake in the outer layers of the immersed films.
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