徽州为明清宗族制度发达地区，这也是徽州士大夫文人宗法制度庶民化努力的结果。
That lineage system was well-developed in Huizhou area was a result of local intellectual's endeavour to make this system cater to the common people.
批评文体流变之惰性或曰滞后性的形成，源于民间资源的缺乏和文人士大夫趣味的过剩。
The "lag" coming from the lacking of the folk resources and the excess of the intellectual's private interest.
皇室旅游者、文人士大夫旅游者、僧道旅游者、外国旅游者和女性旅游者等，均积极投身旅游浪潮。
Royal tourists, the literary intelligentsias and scholar-bureaucrats, monks and priests, foreign tourists and women tourists all took part in tourism activities.
书法是文人士大夫身份的象征，也是他们抒发情感的一种载体。
Calligraphy is the literati identity is indicative, they also express feelings of a carrier.
后三章主要介绍了园林与文人士大夫之间的关系，展示了上海地区明代园林文化的特征。
The last chapters emerges the relations between the gardens and literati, which reveal the characters of Shanghai district's private gardens in Ming Dynasty.
这三大文论传统均与古代文人士大夫某一方面的精神追求息息相关。
These three traditions are all related to mental pursuant of some kind by the ancient men of letters and the scholar-officials.
古典园林的意境是古代文人士大夫胸臆中天道体会的投射。
The mood and atmosphere of classical gardens is a reflection of ancient literary giants.
诗歌这一原本在文人士大夫手中吟咏把玩的精致形式成了启蒙者新民的工具。
Poetry, originally an exquisite means of communication within circles of literati, became a tool to make a new people.
汉末党锢使士大夫“群体自觉”走向“个体自觉” ，其下层文士因生存焦虑，将个体自觉表现为对生命的追问，创作出《古诗十九首》为代表的文人诗。
The party struggle in the last years of the Han Dynasty brought about the individual consciousness of scholar-officials which was reflected in their looking into the meaning of life.
梅一直以来被人们誉为品格之象征，尤为文人士大夫所钟爱。
Plums have been regarded as a symbol of character loved by men of letters and persons of learning.
毋庸置疑，宋代是中国古典文化的巅峰时期，文人士大夫作为文化的继承者和传播者，在宋代得到了前所未有的重视和尊敬。
Without a doubt, Song Dynasty is the peak of Chinese classical culture, the scholars as the inheritor and disseminator of the culture, obtained the unprecedented value and the respect in Song Dynasty.
毋庸置疑，宋代是中国古典文化的巅峰时期，文人士大夫作为文化的继承者和传播者，在宋代得到了前所未有的重视和尊敬。
Without a doubt, Song Dynasty is the peak of Chinese classical culture, the scholars as the inheritor and disseminator of the culture, obtained the unprecedented value and the respect in Song Dynasty.
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