因此研究管涌机理，并在此基础上研究悬挂式防渗墙对双层堤基管涌的控制效果，具有重要的现实意义。
Therefore, it is very necessary and practical to study the mechanism of dike foundation piping and the effect of suspended cut-off wall.
悬挂式防渗墙能显著提高堤基抵抗管涌破坏的能力，且防渗墙布置在堤防下游侧比上游侧更有效。
Suspended cut-off wall can effectively increase foundation resistance to piping and it is more efficient when it is situated in land side than in river side.
管涌形成主要受控于堤基土体结构、土的物理力学性质和洪水位，经过不断改进的减压井等工程措施对防止管涌是有效的。
The formation of piping is controlled by the structure, physical and mechanical properties of the soil for the base of dike and flood level.
当三层堤基浅砂层较薄时，将发生深层管涌破坏，管涌破坏区涉及浅砂层及下部砂砾石层，其宽度和深度较双层堤基大，出口涌砂量也较多。
But for triple stratum foundation, if the top sand layer is relatively thin, piping is vertical. The damage zones are large in width and depth that expand to the sand layer and gravel layer.
当三层堤基浅砂层较薄时，将发生深层管涌破坏，管涌破坏区涉及浅砂层及下部砂砾石层，其宽度和深度较双层堤基大，出口涌砂量也较多。
But for triple stratum foundation, if the top sand layer is relatively thin, piping is vertical. The damage zones are large in width and depth that expand to the sand layer and gravel layer.
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