在最近的几年，生物学家已经能够扫描整个人类基因组寻找正在进行选择的基因的识别特征。
In the last few years, biologists have been able to scan the whole human genome for the signatures of genes undergoing selection.
但是，强选择时——正如在大规模种群中——从一开始匆匆建成的这一复杂性更高的基因组的随机变化就受到阻碍。
But when selection is strong - as in large populations - it blocks the random genomic changes that throw up this greater complexity in the first place.
选择如何在基因组留下指纹图谱？
测试选择的基因组扫描是有局限的。
The genome scans that test for selection have severe limitations.
EDAR基因的案例显示了生物学见们在解读基因组扫描的选择信号时必须多么小心。
The case of the EDAR gene shows how cautious biologists have to be in interpreting the signals of selection seen in the genome scans.
生物学家可以从被基因组扫描标识出的基因种类中推断出这些选择性力量的成因。
Biologists can infer the reason for these selective forces from the kinds of genes that are tagged by the genome scans.
之后，这些小的反义RNA可能会在RNA拼接中发挥作用，如在选择压力下修复基因组中一个区域，抑或在丧失或损坏一个模块后恢复一个读码框。
Such small antisense RNAs may later have gained a role in RNA editing, possibly under selective pressure to repair a region or restore a reading frame after loss or erosion of a module.
科学家们研究过一些品种后表示牛的基因组显示出这种有选择性繁殖的迹象。
Scientists examined several breeds and say the cattle genome appears to show evidence of this selective reproduction.
自然选择的目标是准物种，而误差阈的存在对生物体所能携带的基因组的长度施加了一个限制。
The object of natural selection is the quasi-species, and the existence of the error threshold places a limit on the genome length that the organisms carry.
利用BLUP选择虽然不能使受体基因组迅速全部恢复，但能使特定的背景性状得到最大的遗传进展。
Although the BLUP selection could not recover the recipient genome as soon as the marker score selection, it could make the largest genetic improvement for certain background traits.
微卫星标记在基因组作图、品种鉴定、种质保存、分子标记辅助选择等方面有着广泛的应用。
Microsatullites have already demonstrated to be a powerful tool in genome mapping, variety identification, germplasm conservation and marker-assisted breeding.
药物基因组学帮助我们鉴定个性化药效反应的侧面信息，为同类个体选择最佳的治疗方案。
Pharmacogenomics allows us to identify sources of an individual's profile of drug response and predict the best possible treatment option for this individual.
决定通路包括正副反馈环，根据宿主细胞内含有病毒基因组数目的改变而进行选择。
The decision circuit involved both negative and positive feedback loops, which responded differently to changes in the total number of viral genomes inside a cell.
通常只不过假定，这是自然选择的结果，但最近少数研究人类自己奇异且繁复的基因组的生物学家已经质疑这一想法。
It is usually simply assumed to be the result of natural selection, but recently a few biologists studying our own bizarre and bloated genomes have challenged this idea.
选择中国秋大豆为试验材料，对基因组dna进行SSR标记筛选和鉴定。
In this study Chinese autumn soybean were used as materials, and their genomic DNAs were analyzed with SSR markers.
比较基因组学的研究发现： 人类基因组中约5%的序列受到选择压力的限制， 但编码序列只占其中很小一部分， 约3.5%是保守、非编码序列。
Study of comparative genomics has revealed that about 5% of the human genome are under purifying selection, 3.5% of which are conserved non-coding elements (CNEs).
有关选择性剪接的调控机制是功能基因组时代的重要前沿问题之一。
Problems about mechanisms control alternative splicing is a leading research endeavors in functional genome era.
着重论述了宏基因组学的研究方法，包括DNA的提取、文库的构建以及筛选策略的选择。
Methods in metagenomic study, including DNA extraction, library construction and screening were discussed in this paper.
上述这些重要的QTL或基因组区域在标记辅助选择育种中具有应用价值。
These important QTLs and genomic regions mentioned above will be greatly beneficial to the MAS-based breeding for salt tolerance in rice.
选择患者亲属做对照、基因组对照和选择遗传背景较为一致的隔离人群都可以减少混杂。
It could be reduced by selecting relatives of affected patients as control, genome control and by using isolated populations which have higher homogeneity in genetic background.
单核苷酸多态性在水稻遗传图谱的构建、基因克隆和功能基因组学研究、标记辅助选择育种、遗传资源分类及物种进化等方面的应用具有巨大潜力。
SNP has showed the huge potential in the establishing in the rice genetic maps, genes cloning and functional genomics, MAS in rice breeding and studying in classification and evolution of germplasm.
单核苷酸多态性在水稻遗传图谱的构建、基因克隆和功能基因组学研究、标记辅助选择育种、遗传资源分类及物种进化等方面的应用具有巨大潜力。
SNP has showed the huge potential in the establishing in the rice genetic maps, genes cloning and functional genomics, MAS in rice breeding and studying in classification and evolution of germplasm.
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