研究人员仍然在试图分离导致这种畸形的基因。
Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality.
通过对DNA 及蛋白质中的基因物质进行分析，研究人员可以专注于有毒基因，并利用它们得到蛇毒的进化轨迹，这样也就知道了蛇的进化源。
By analyzing the DNA, the genetic material of the proteins, the researchers could focus on the toxic genes and use them to trace the evolution of snake venom, and from this, the evolution of snakes.
例如，在果蝇身上，研究人员发现了基因震荡器，这种突变导致果蝇在麻醉下剧烈摇晃。
For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia.
对世界各地的生物医学研究人员来说，双胞胎提供了一个宝贵的机会，来解开基因和环境——也就是先天和后天的影响之谜。
To biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle the influence of genes and the environment—of nature and nurture.
加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校的基因组学研究人员蒂特斯·布朗说：“您寻找的是声誉。”
"The thing you are searching for is reputation," says Titus Brown, a genomics researcher at the University of California, Davis.
研究人员研究了不同种类的胭脂鱼的毒液基因中的蛋白质。
The researchers study the proteins in the venom genes of various species of colubrids.
研究基因如何控制动物行为的研究人员不得不面对许多不确定因素。
Researchers studying how genes control animal behavior have had to deal with many uncertainties.
此外，即使发现一个基因控制一种行为，不同领域的研究人员也不一定同意它是一种“行为基因”。
In addition, even when a single gene is found to control a behavior, researchers in different fields do not necessarily agree that it is a "behavioral gene".
研究人员检查了这些儿童的脸颊细胞，以寻找环境对基因影响的迹象。
The children's cheek cells were examined for signs of environmental influences upon genes.
他们的名字将会样本上擦除，用一组编码代替名字，只有研究人员才能把基因扫描数据联系他们的医疗病史。
Their names are scrubbed from their samples, and only researchers — working with codes instead of names — will be able to link the gene scans to medical histories.
然而在分析了两个父母和他们的孩子的基因图谱之后，研究人员发现父母其实向下遗传了不到半数的突变基因，只有大约30组。
But by analyzing the genomes of both the parents and the children, the team found that each parent contributed less than half that number, only about 30.
通过可视化单个基因层面的转录过程，研究人员能够得出人类自身促进剂和病毒性促进剂之间转录机制的不同之处。
By visualizing the process at the level of a single gene, the researchers were able to work out the different mechanics of transcription between the human and viral promoter.
研究人员说，对这些基因的进一步研究能够更好地了解所有有关的疾病。
Further research into these genes could improve understanding of all the related diseases, researchers said.
这些经过基因编程的细胞可以根据研究人员设定的一整套标准，收集有关其所处环境的信息。
The cells are programmed genetically to collect information about their environment based on a set of criteria established by the researchers.
研究人员则希望，这些致病基因的有益一面可以被利用来开发更好的疟疾防治方法。
Researchers hope that the good side of the mutation can be exploited to develop new and better ways to fight malaria.
研究人员在有机体特定细胞的基因中添加光敏蛋白质。
Researchers add genes for light-sensitive proteins to certain cells in the organism.
按顺序排好新菌株的基因，研究人员在实验室中重新构建了它，并把它与猪相接触。
Having sequenced the new strain's genes, the researchers recreated it in a laboratory and exposed it to pigs.
如果摆在他们面前的是已经绝迹的病毒基因物质，研究人员就可以在实验室里重新造出这种病毒。
But with the genetic material of an extinct virus in front of them, researchers can recreate it in the lab.
众所周知，这个由G碱基和A碱基组成的基因能够影响脑化学，并且研究人员认为它可能以影响人们慷慨行为的方式影响了吝啬行为。
The gene, which comes in ‘G’ and ‘A’ versions, is known to influence brain chemistry and the researchers believed it may do so in a way that affects how generous – or not – we are towards others.
如果没有合适的藻类物种存在，那么合成基因公司的研究人员将从几种藻类中选取理想的特性，实质上人工创造出一个新品种藻类。
And if no suitable species exists, then Synthetic Genomics's researchers will take the desirable characteristics from several and create what is, in effect, a new one.
研究人员通常在添加或修改植物基因时有些盲目。
Researchers typically fly blind when trying to add or modify plant genes.
研究人员发现，三种基因的变异是患老年痴呆症的危险因素。
The researchers found variants of three genes that were risk factors for developing Alzheimer's.
众所周知，这个由G碱基和A碱基组成的基因能够影响脑化学，并且研究人员认为它可能以影响人们慷慨行为的方式影响了吝啬行为。
The gene, which comes in 'g' and 'a' versions, is known to influence brain chemistry and the researchers believed it may do so in a way that affects how generous - or not - we are towards others.
它们还能帮助研究人员设计出细胞中的人工基因电路。
They may also help researchers to design synthetic genetic circuits in cells.
按顺序排好新菌株的基因，研究人员在实验室中重新构建了它，并把它与猪相接触。证明了该菌株会蔓延的，但只有轻微的毒性。
Having sequenced the new strain's genes, the researchers recreated it in a laboratory and exposed it to pigs. The strain proved contagious but only mildly virulent.
研究人员利用基因检测技术预测病人们对特定药物的反应，这样就可以帮助医生和病人决定用什么药物和多大的剂量。
Researchers are devising genetic tests that can predict patients’ responses to certain drugs, thus helping doctors and patients decide what should be taken and in what dose.
不过在转基因奶上市之前，研究人员将需要以动物和人进行临床研究，以确保其安全和恢复肠道的作用。
Before the milk will ever make it to market, though, researchers will need to conduct clinical studies in animals and people to prove its safety and its ability to heal the gut.
这些图像为研究人员获取基因表达的信息提供了解剖学参考。
Such images provide an important anatomical reference on which researchers can overlay information about gene expression.
为了评价每小片组织中的基因的表达情况，研究人员将它的RNA暴露给一个基因芯片，或者DNA阵列。
To assess gene expression in each small bit of tissue, researchers expose its RNA to a gene chip, or DNA microarray.
为了评价每小片组织中的基因的表达情况，研究人员将它的RNA暴露给一个基因芯片，或者DNA阵列。
To assess gene expression in each small bit of tissue, researchers expose its RNA to a gene chip, or DNA microarray.
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