基因对基因抗性是植物抗病性的重要表现形式。
Gene-for-gene resistance is an important type of plant disease resistance.
基因对基因假说是植物一病原相互作用的遗传学解释。
Gene for gene hypothesis is the genetic explanation for plant-pathogen interaction.
稻瘟病系统中，病菌与水稻间的互作符合基因对基因关系。
Among the system of rice blast disease, the interaction between host and pathogen copes with gene-for-gene relationship.
苗期选用20个白粉菌株，21个鉴别寄主，根据基因对基因学说推导已知抗白粉病基因。
Seedling test was performed with 20 isolates and 21 tester lines carrying known genes. Resistance genes were postulated based on the application of gene-for-gene concept.
通过对DNA 及蛋白质中的基因物质进行分析，研究人员可以专注于有毒基因，并利用它们得到蛇毒的进化轨迹，这样也就知道了蛇的进化源。
By analyzing the DNA, the genetic material of the proteins, the researchers could focus on the toxic genes and use them to trace the evolution of snake venom, and from this, the evolution of snakes.
在研究玉米的基因构成时，芭芭拉·麦克林托克发现了一种新的突变基因，这一发现使人们对细胞分化有了更深入的了解。
While studying the genetic makeup of corn, a new class of mutant genes was discovered by Barbara McClintock, a discovery which led to greater understanding of cell differentiation.
一些乳制品公司在其牛奶产品上贴上“非转基因”标签，然而事实上所有牛奶都是天然非转基因的，而“非转基因”只是一个让人们对食物产生不必要恐慌的标签。
Some dairy companies are using the "non-GMO" label on their milk, despite the fact that all milk is naturally GMO-free, another label that creates unnecessary fear around food.
有时，那是因为在新的人群中，人们其他的基因作用下的遗传背景掩盖了基因A对抑郁的效应。
Sometimes it is because in the new population, the genetic background for their other genes masks the effect of gene a on depression.
一项2002年的研究发现，比起基因相差甚远或者完全相同的男性，女性对那些基因和自己相似的男性的气味更感兴趣。
A 2002 study found women prefer the scent of men with genes somewhat similar to their own over the scent of nearly genetically identical or totally dissimilar men.
基因对更年期也有影响，而且有两个研究小组发现了数个基因变异体可能导致更年期提前或者推迟能多达两年。
Genes also play a role in menopause, and two research teams have identified several gene variants associated with advancing or delaying menopause by as much as two years.
报告称，研究人员对菌根真菌的基因改变导致稻米关键基因的活动产生了变化。
The genetic changes that the researchers produced in the fungi led to changes in the activity of important genes in the rice, they report.
甲基化作用是对DNA的后天修改，并改变基因活动，通常是在基因组内减少这个活动。
Methylation is an epigenetic modification to one's DNA that changes a gene's activity, generally reducing that activity within the genome.
由于双胞胎拥有相同的基因，但可能受到的环境因素的影响不同，因此研究双胞胎可以“对基因易感性加以控制。”
Because twins share genes, but may have different exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an, "opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility."
然而通过对她的整个基因组测序发现，一个编号为TP53的基因发生了突变，而这正促使了肿瘤的形成。
Full genome sequencing, however, revealed she had a mutation in a gene called TP53, which suppresses tumor formation.
另一项相似的研究对Sputnik病毒做了基因分析。研究显示，Sputnik的一些基因实际上源自另外一些病毒。
Another similarity comes from a genetic analysis of Sputnik that showed some of Sputnik's genes actually came from other viruses.
他说，下一步是制造一个不在荧光蛋白基因位置断裂而是对疟原虫传播起关键作用的基因。
The next step, he says, is to make HEG break up not the fluorescent protein gene but one that is crucial for malaria transmission.
有一些“候选基因”与已知基因是一致的，有些则不然，因此该研究计划下一步对基因组中SNP靶向区域进行研究，以求找出其中所可能具有的遗传特性。
Some of the candidates corresponded to known genes. Others did not, and the next phase of the project will be to search the areas of the genome that the SNPs point at for likely genetic suspects.
这一发现对建立遗传基因甄别计划大有帮助，该计划可查出哪些夫妇有可能把异常基因传给孩子。
The findings could help in the development of screening programmes for couples that are at risk of passing on faulty genes to their children.
根据发表在《自然遗传学》的有关发现，有些人生来携带好吃基因，这些基因控制着胃口、对食物的满足感以及卡路里的燃烧量。
The findings, published in Nature Genetics, suggest that some people are effectively hardwired to overeat, through genes that control appetite, satiety and how many calories they burn.
数年前，他提炼出一种技术，可以将基因网络“毛团”——对基因交互作用密集纠结的描绘——转化成分层图。
Several years ago, he refined a technique for turning gene-network "hairballs" - densely tangled depictions of gene interaction - into hierarchical maps.
我们正在消耗令人难以置信的真正高度加工的高热量的无菌食品，它们缺乏对微生物的基因转移至关重要的基因库。
We're consuming a lot of really highly processed calorie-dense food that's incredibly sterile, so they lack the microbial reservoirs for these gene transfer events.
这是人类首次完成一种癌症全基因组的排序，对其他癌症基因组的类似研究成果可能也将随后出炉。
This is the first time that a complete cancer genome has been sequenced and similar insights into other cancer genomes are likely to follow.
我们要从“基因中心观点”——或许回到理查德·道金斯的理论——而非“基因组中心观点”的角度来思考，后者是对这些基因元件进行不同的构造。
And we think in a gene-centric view — maybe going back to Richard Dawkins' ideas — than in a genome-centric view, which are different constructs of these gene components.
对所有生物来说，大部分基因是相同的，而根据进化论，这些基因的结构和产物会根据进化关系，因物种的不同而有所不同。
All organisms share most of the same genes, butas evolution predicts, the structures of these genes and their productsdiverge among species, in keeping with their evolutionaryrelationships.
另外有些基因，特别是由许多相同的碱基对短片段不断重复而所组成的基因，是很难很好地测序的。
And some parts, particularly those where the same short pattern of base pairs is repeated over and over again, remain difficult to sequence well.
该计划包括了世界上11种人的基因标本，这些标本的构成因子是对基因片段中可能发生变异的特定点进行研究所得结论。
The Hap Map contains samples from 11 populations around the world and consists of readings of the DNA at specific sites along the genome where variations are common.
在最近一次对美国999个寻求基因顾问的人进行的调查中，大部分都说他们支持产前基因测试已消除特定的严重疾病。
In a recent U.S. survey of 999 people who sought genetic counseling, a majority said they supported prenatal genetic tests for the elimination of certain serious diseases.
基因研究显示了弥生人和縄文人之间的杂交，縄文人对现代日本基因的贡献有40%之多。
Genetic studies have suggested interbreeding between the Yayoi and Jomon people, with the Jomon contribution to modern Japanese being as much as 40 percent.
慕克吉在谈到对癌症“病因”的理解时指的是基因和细胞机理出现紊乱而不是那些引发基因改变的环境因素。
When Mukherjee talks about knowing the "causes" of cancer, he means genes and cellular mechanisms gone wrong, not the environmental agents that might induce changes in those genes.
慕克吉在谈到对癌症“病因”的理解时指的是基因和细胞机理出现紊乱而不是那些引发基因改变的环境因素。
When Mukherjee talks about knowing the "causes" of cancer, he means genes and cellular mechanisms gone wrong, not the environmental agents that might induce changes in those genes.
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