剑桥大学的比尔·阿摩斯教授也一直在研究人类疾病的基因基础。
Professor Bill Amos at Cambridge University has also been studying the genetic basis of human disease.
银屑病是一种在多基因基础上的常见炎症快速增生性皮肤病。
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease with a multifactorial genetic basis.
因此，考虑到这个，对于许多方面尤其是意识方面，人类和黑猩猩彼此不同的基因基础是什么呢？
So, given this, what's the genetic basis for the many ways, notably the cognitive ways, that humans and chimps are different from one another?
他们参与的这项研究目的在于帮助科学家揭露慢性病的基因基础，或许它还能发现有些人更长寿的原因。
The goal of the study they are participating in is to help scientists uncover the genetic roots of chronic disease and, perhaps, to find out why some people live longer than others.
距离查明这些特征的基因基础，我们还有很长的一段路要走，但是研究者已经瞄准了一些可能影响大脑和行为的基因。
We're a long way from pinpointing the genetic underpinnings of such traits, but researchers are already zeroing in on a few genes that may affect brain and behavior.
科学家开始研究这种缓步类动物的不畏惧死亡超级强权背后的基因基础。科学家的研究可能对人类的健康具有重大的意义。
Scientists are beginning to understand the genetic basis of tardigrades death-defying superpowers. And what they re learning may have profound implications for human health.
“偏手性有基因基础，但是同人的其他特征——如身高、体重——一样，十分复杂，”他说，“单独一个基因并不能导致它，环境因素在其中也有很大作用。”
"Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits - height, weight - it is complex," he said. "it's not a single gene that leads to it." There's a strong environmental component, too.
“偏手性有基因基础，但是同人的其他特征——如身高、体重——一样，十分复杂，”他说，“单独一个基因并不能导致它，环境因素在其中也有很大作用。”
"Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits - height, weight - it is complex," he said. "it's not a single gene that leads to it."There's a strong environmental component, too.
因此，我们正处在发现地球生命及其组成成分和基础基因的最初阶段。
So we're at the earliest stages of discovery about basic genes, components and life on this planet.
第一复制因子是指基因——生物进化的基础。
The first replicator was the gene - the basis of biological evolution.
数学工作站的商业使用群体非常庞大：从基础工程到设计创意，从基因治疗到天体导航，数学统治着整个世界。
Commercial USES for mathematical workstations are vast: from basic engineering to designer drugs and from gene therapy to celestial navigation, mathematics rules the world.
收集两个不同方向的数据，或许能更精确地定位真正起作用的基因，并为一个用于更深层次研究的文献库奠定基础。
Coming at the data from two different directions could better pinpoint the genes that are truly in play and lead to a reasonable library of targets for deeper research.
今年早些时候，因为疾病风险的缘故，消费者不再有机会在药店购买阿司匹林或者防晒霜的同时选购以唾液为基础的基因测试了。
Earlier this year, consumers were close to being able to pick up a saliva-based genetic test for disease risk the next time they ran to the drug store for aspirin or sunscreen.
这些装置的耐受性似乎很小，因为几乎基础基因的任何突变都会导致蛋白畸形，并因此引发疾病。
The tolerances of these machines seem to be very fine because almost any mutation in the underlying genes leads to a misshapen protein and, consequently, to disease.
该项过程是生命存在的基础，它记述细胞如何利用基因密码合成生命体中的若干组成部分。
The process is fundamental for life and describes how cells use genetic code to produce the building blocks of living organisms.
测序涉及确定的基础秩序 -在基因或染色体 -DNA的是用字母A，丙，G和T代表的化学单位。
Sequencing involves determining the order of the bases — the chemical units of DNA that are represented by the letters A, C, G and T — in a gene or on a chromosome.
如果单独把这些理论拿出来，可以发现它们往往还是以自私基因学说为基础。
When picked apart, they also turn out to be based on selfish genery.
人类基因序列已经深深的影响了基础研究和基因序列读取工具的精进，而这些进步却仅仅限制了医疗影响。
事实上对于人类，并没有太多基础牢固的基因扫描。
And indeed, there are not many hard sweeps in the human genome.
好消息是，根据对动物的研究，只有30%的老化现象以基因为基础，这说明我们手中掌握着大多数其它变量。
The good news is that according to animal studies, only about 30% of aging is genetically based, which means that the majority of other variables are in our hands.
具有制作假体基因的能力，标志着个体基因工程在传统的基础上有了重要的进步。
The ability to make prosthetic genomes marks a significant advance over traditional genetic engineering of individual genes.
因为合成基因序列的设计是建立在DNA序列数字化的基础上，所以该设计也创建了电脑技术和生命科学的交互区域。
Because it is based on the digitized DNA sequence, the design of synthetic genomes provides a true interface between the computer and biological life.
这是因为一旦知道药效基因，药物化学家就可以修饰它，在保持药效的基础上减少毒性。
This is because once a pharmacophore is known, medicinal chemists can modify it to reduce toxicity while maintaining (or enhancing) potency.
生物技术公司将基因——正是生命的本原——申请了专利，科学家们则担心这将危及基础性研究的开展。
Biotechnology companies patent genes, the very stuff of life, while scientists worry that this risks compromising basic research.
因此，基于分子态基础理论的关于环境与我们的基因组之间影响的相互性研究是十分必要的，有关它们之间的分歧好像并不重要。
So, as the molecular underpinnings are elucidated, the need to study the interaction between environment and our genome is highlighted, and the divide seems less relevant.
“包括体重和胰岛素水平在内的所有代谢行为之间都有紧密的联系，并且这种联系是建立在基因的基础上的。” 关于基因行为的这一论点由此得到了进一步的证实。
The findings further corroborate existing evidence that metabolic traits — everything from weight to insulin levels are interrelated — and that those relationships have a genetic component.
了解基因活性的遗传基础将有助于医学研究从而为个体提供有关他们自身对疾病易感性的信息。
The understanding of the genetic basis of gene activity will help medical research to provide individuals with information about their personal predisposition to disease.
在未来很短的时间内我们就利用常规的基础手段进行新的基因的发现。
In a really short time, we will see new genes discovered on a fairly routine basis.
第一复制因子是指基因——生物进化的基础。
The first replicator was the gene – the basis of biological evolution.
第一复制因子是指基因——生物进化的基础。
The first replicator was the gene – the basis of biological evolution.
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