城邦修正了错误的判断，缓和了膨胀的野心，结束了分裂的纷争。
The polis straightens out crooked judgments, gentles the swollen ambitions and puts an end to acts of divisional strife.
古代近东地区最早的城邦出现在美索不达米亚平原的南端，该地区位于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间，也就是现在的伊拉克境内。
The earliest of the city states of the ancient Near East appeared at the southern end of the Mesopotamian plain, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now Iraq.
总共有四种社会组织：群体、部落、酉帮以及城邦。
There are four levels in total: bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states.
在奥运会期间，城邦间停战，获胜者被授予橄榄枝花冠。
Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches.
位于斋浦尔以南200公里的古城邦迪以其建筑闻名，包括阶梯井。
The ancient city of Bundi, 200 kilometres south of Jaipur, is renowned for its architecture, including its stepwells.
首先是家庭，然后是部落中家庭的联合，然后你可能会说一个村庄的联合创造了一个城邦或城市。
First comes the family, then an association of families in a tribe, and then you might say an association of villages that create a polis or a city.
他呈现出一种极端版本的城邦。
圣马力诺是仅存的意大利城邦。
随着农业的出现，城邦取代了部落。
With the advent of agriculture, tribes gave way to city-states.
城邦目的和最终目标是为了美好生活
古代城邦的起源是有争议的。
城邦还有其他一些社会机构。
And then you have other social structures of any city-state.
城邦目的和最终目标是为了美好生活。
理想国》类似希腊城邦，一种守护式的联合。
The Republic, like the Greek polis, was a kind of tutelary association.
他告诉我们，只有生活在城邦中。
就意味着要生活在一个城邦之中。
但雅典也是，世界上史无前例的城邦。
But Athens was also something completely unprecedented in the world it was a democracy.
但是哪种城邦呢？
罗马人建立了城邦里的第一个公共浴场。
最优的城邦必然是，寻求孕育，最优或最高等级个体的所在。
The best city would necessarily be one that seeks to produce the best or highest type of individual.
城邦是自然的演变,因为它源自,较小单位形式的人类结合。
The polis is natural in the sense that it has grown out of smaller and lesser forms of human association.
理想国》要我们严肃地考虑，一座由哲学家统治的城邦面貌为何？
The Republic asks us to consider seriously, ? what would a city look like ruled by philosophers?
假如孔子是杰克，他在拆毁各城邦的城墙前，可能会有顾虑。
If Confucius were Jake Sully, he would eventually think twice before tearing down the walls of each domain.
非正式地，有些运动员得到有价值的奖品，包括他们家乡城邦给的大笔奖金。
Unofficially, some athletes received valuable prizes, including large sums of money from their home city-states.
因为在事实上，没有安全的方法来统治这样的城邦，除了毁掉它们。
For in fact, there is no secure means of holding on to cities except by destroying them.
前现代时期充满活力的城邦制将成为主流，这些城邦实行极其谨慎的财政政策。
The pre-modernist robust model of city-states and statelings will prevail, with obsessive fiscal prudence.
他只说到，我们是天生的城邦动物，为了达成目标，必需要住在城邦之中。
All he tells us is that we are the polis animal by nature and that to achieve our ends, it will be necessary to live in a polis.
我只能示范一些给你们看，要如何阅读亚里士多德所提示的概念,即人是城邦的动物。
a little of that here with you today, to go over what Aristotle is suggesting in this idea of man, the polis animal.
苏格拉底遭到指控，如我们所知，他遭到城邦指控腐蚀青少年思想，且亵渎众神，对吧？
Socrates is charged as we will see by the city for corrupting the youth! And impiety toward the Gods right?
或者，就像电子前沿基金会的约翰.佩里.巴洛在去年预测的那样：“我们正在回归城邦。”
Or, as John Perry Barlow of the Electronic Frontier Foundation predicted last year: "We're going back to the city-state."
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