很快，海洋软泥层开始在原先的硬地层上面堆积起来。
Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.
海鸥在寻找晚餐时，夕阳在凝灰岩地层投射了温暖的光辉。
Sunset casts a warm glow over the tufa formations as seagulls forage for dinner.
它可能比它所处的那个地层、甚至比发现它的遗址都要古老得多。
It might be much older than the layer or even the site where it was found.
相反，它们是其他类型的火山，比如地层火山，是板块运动的结果。
Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of the tectonic plate movement.
它们留下了河床或盆地，形成了我们今天仍然可以看到的石灰岩地层。
They left behind their beds or basins as limestone formations that we can still see today.
伯吉斯页岩地层中也有许多代表着现代动物群中已经灭绝的物种的化石。
The Burgess Shale formation also has fossils of many extinct representatives of modern animal groups.
最近针对一些地层的一项研究提出了一些关于该地区过去形态的新理论。
A recent study of some of the formations presents some new theories about the area's past.
如今在区分新老湖床方面非常重要的另一个不同点在于石灰岩地层的位置。
Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations.
但这只对那些完全没有被盗掘过的坑位才有效，因为这些坑位的地层都完好无损。
But this only works if the site hasn't been touched, and the layers are intact.
通过研究这些化石，史密斯能够把英国土地所有的地层按相对的时间顺序排列起来。
By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence.
第三个化石地层中既有软体动物，也有硬体动物，为寒武纪大爆发的结果提供了证据。
The third fossil formation containing both soft-bodied and hard-bodied animals provides evidence of the result of the Cambrian explosion.
当史密斯在英国各地的地层中收集化石时，他开始发现这些化石讲述的故事与岩石不同。
As he collected fossils from strata throughout England, Smith began to see that the fossils told a different story from the rocks.
不幸的是，这种估测没有充分考虑到过去在侵蚀期间沉积速率或地层总剖面损失的差异。
Unfortunately, such estimates did not adequately account for past differences in rates of sedimentation or losses to the total section of strata during episodes of erosion.
奥加拉拉含水层是一个砂岩地层，位于从德克萨斯州西北部延伸到南达科他州南部，约583000平方公里土地的地下。
The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota.
后来，他继续从事相似的工作，足迹遍布整个英国；与此同时，他不断研究那些新近露出的地层，并且收集所有能找到的化石。
He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find.
然而，这个7亿年历史的地层几乎不能为现代动物的起源提供任何线索，因为古生物学家认为它代表的是一个失败的进化试验。
This 700-million-year-old formation gives few clues to the origins of modern animals, however, because paleontologists believe it represents an evolutionary experiment that failed.
存在于两个相连地层之间的岩石，可能在这一层是泥板岩，而在另一层中是砂岩；但存在于泥板岩或者砂岩中的化石往往都是相同的。
While rock between two consistent strata might in one place be shale and in another sandstone, the fossils in that shale or sandstone were always the same.
1815年，他出版了第一张现代地质学地图——《英格兰、威尔士及部分苏格兰地区地层地图》，这张地质地图绘制得非常精确，直到现在仍有参考价值。
In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, "A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland", a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.
地层学被用于测定可移动艺术品的年代。
因此，绝大部分水储存于接近地表地地层中。
The greatest water storage, therefore, lies near the surface.
地下水位是地层岩石裂缝和孔隙充满水的边界。
The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracks and pores are filled with water.
由这些颗粒物质组成的地层很常见，通常位于土壤下方看不见的位置。
Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common.
一个较新的包含动物遗骸的化石地层是托莫特地层，它以俄罗斯的一个地区命名。
A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale in Russia.
探讨了森林地层在水土保持、养分供应、促进生物呼吸强度和土壤发育等方面的作用。
The function of forest floor on water conservation, nutrient supply, promoting biological respiratory intensity and soil development are discussed.
孔隙度对地层储水能力尤为重要，但要让水能够从岩石中流出，孔隙之间必须相互连通。
Porosity is important for water-storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected.
特别是，较年轻的地层中的岩石常常很相似，这使得他很难分辨那些地层，但他从来都能轻松区分出不同的化石。
Particularly, in the younger strata the rocks were often so similar that he had trouble distinguishing the strata, but he never had trouble telling the fossils apart.
矿物往往埋藏在地层深处。
年代较久的地层逐渐崩解了。
它还可以延着悬崖壁悬浮向下移动做地层检查。
It could also hover down a cliff face to examine geological strata.
在这两者之间的地层年代基本都是靠猜测。
The ages of rocks between these two were little more than guesswork.
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