该文探讨了粒子群优化算法及其改进，并提出了算法的离线性能评估准则和在线性能评估准则。

This paper discussed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its improvement. The online performance and offline performance evaluation of PSO is also provided.

youdao

该文探讨了粒子群优化算法及其改进，并提出了算法的离线性能评估准则和在线性能评估准则。

This paper discussed the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its improvement. The online performance and offline performance evaluation of PSO is also provided.

youdao