如果在上游发现了问题，或者如果我们停止生产产品，由于在制品库存，报废率会更高。
If something wrong is found upstream, or if we stop building the product, the scrap will be higher due to the in-process inventory.
在这里例子中，通过设定每一个区域的大小可以限制在制品的数量。
In this example, WIP can be limited by defining the size of each area.
在这种方法中，它的关注点是“限制在制品的数量”、“连续流通”和“拉动式”，同时允许团队(或者管理人员)借其改进工序。
In this approach, the focus is on "Limits WIP", "Continuous Flow" and "Pull", at the same time, allowing the team (or manager) to use it for process improvement purposes.
第一个机制仅仅涉及到在制品的数量，而第二个则涉及到流程——流程的方向和速度。
The first mechanism only refers to the amount of WIP, but this second refers to the flow, its direction and speed.
图表右侧说明了如何在维持连续流通的同时，最大限度地减少在制品。
The right-hand side of this graph explains how it minimizes WIP while sustaining continuous flow.
第二个机制——“拉动式”——通过依据下游消耗速度来确定上游工序的生产速度，这种机制也限制了在制品的数量。
The second mechanism, "Pull," also limits WIP by making the production velocity of the upstream process dependent on the downstream consumption velocity.
如果仓库中的在制品太少的话，下游工序不得不等待所需的零部件准备就绪，但是在制品还应该保证最小化以防止生产过剩。
If WIP in the store is too few, the downstream process has to wait for items not ready when needed, but at the same time WIP should be minimized to prevent overproduction.
在任何时候，看板(相当于系统中的“能量”)的最大数量都与在制品的上限保持守恒。
The maximum number of Kanbans (the "energy" in the system) is fixed and physically conserves the upper limit of WIP at any given time.
图5所示的敏捷看板例子本身并没有实现“限制在制品的数量”、“连续流通”和“拉动式”特性。
"Limits WIP", "Continuous Flow" and "Pull" properties are not attained by the Agile Kanban example by itself, shown in Figure 5.
你从中可以看到看板的两种含义，一是“在维持连续流通的同时限制在制品数量”，而另一种是“改善”。
As you'll see here, there are roughly two different meanings of Kanban, one is "Limits WIP while sustaining Continuous Flow", and the other is "Kaizen".
它还可以帮助管理人员削减在制品的临时库存，进而减少总的库存-当然今天最重要的是，增加增产负债表中的现金流。
It also may allow managers to reduce WIP buffers, which in turn reduces overall inventory and-most important these days-frees up cash on the balance sheet.
为了使工序连续流通并限制在制品的数量，需要召开“迭代会议”交流信息。
In order to make the process continuously flow as well as to limit WIP, "iteration meetings" are needed to communicate the information.
拉动系统的要点是在需要的时候通过拉动前期的价值流，利用看板来限制在制品的数量。
The point of a pull system is to use a kanban board to limit work-in-progress by pulling from the previous phase of your value stream when necessary.
图4限定在制品数量的看板机制。
看板支持：规划工具现在支持看板，包括一个故事版(story board)和在制品(WIP)限制。
Kanban support: The planning tools now support Kanban including a story board and Work-In-Progress (WIP) limits.
MichaelDubakov提到过这么一种情况：“在制品”一栏中已经满了，但某个开发人员因为有时间，就想要去开始做另一个新的工作。
Michael Dubakov, mentioned a scenario in which there were no free slots on the “In progress” column but a developer wanted to start a new small thing since he had time.
这导致有很多在制品（workin progress），也有很长的生产周期（lead time）。
This results in a lot of work in progress and a lot of lead time.
更优的工序控制——在限制在制品数量的同时保持连续流通。
Better process control — they keep continuous flow while limiting wip.
看板的目的是通过确保只有当下游工序需要时上游工序才生产零部件，进而最大限度地减少工序(process)之间的在制品(Work - In - process,WIP)或者库存。
Kanban's aim is to minimize WIP (Work-In-Process), or inventory, between processes by making sure that the upstream process produces parts only if its downstream process needs it.
忽视从属何种流派，一个好的读者能够帮助作者发现许多问题并找到解决的方法，更重要的是你需要一个智慧的人来试探你的想法，这就是为什么你要人们在阅读你的在制品的原因。
More than anything, you want a second smart brain to bounce ideas off of. That’s why you ask people to read your work-in-progress.
这样的看板面板有利于可视化地通知任务并限制在制品（处理中的任务）数量。
This Kanban Board helps visually signal tasks and limit WIP (tasks actively being worked on).
通过维持“连续流通(continuousflow)”(消除等待带来的浪费)和“最小化在制品(minizing WIP)”(消除生产过剩带来的浪费)之间的平衡，它们共同形成了“拉动式”系统。
They make it a "pull" system, creating a balance between sustaining "continuous flow" (eliminating the waste of waiting) and "minizing WIP" (eliminating the waste of overproduction).
所有在制品WIP与材料是否有定义并管控在指定的区域？
Are all in-process WIP and materials properly identified and controlled in designate area?
在制品的注塑过程中，前两个方面都是固定的，只有注塑参数可以由操作者根据注塑情况和经验知识进行调整。
The previous two factors are constant during the process of injection molding, only the plastic process parameters can be regulated by the operator with the injection process and experience knowledge.
生产车间负责本车间库存的尚未入库的原材料、在制品的防护工作。
The production workshop is responsible for the preservation of raw materials and in-production products stored in the workshop.
所有在制品WIP与材料是否有相应的定义并管控在指定区域？
Is all in-process WIP and materials properly identified and controlled in designate area?
现在就可以跟踪这些成本，通过在制品和制成品账户转至销货成本账户。
We are now ready to trace these costs through Work in Process and Finished Goods to the Cost of Goods Sold account.
用途：用于纺织验布机，卷布机、码布机及塑革、地毯、造纸等设备的在制品计长测速及自停。
Usage: It is used for the products measuring, speed indicating, self-stopping of textile fabric equipments for plastic leather, capet, papermaking etc.
重点介绍俄罗斯新研制的几种有代表性的橡胶助剂及其在制品行业中的应用。
Some kinds of Russion representative rubber agents developed in recent years and its application in rubber-product industry were introduced in this paper.
对于零部件，在制品以及成品的库存盘点频率是否符合产品要求？
Is cycle count frequency for components, WIP and finished goods appropriate for this product?
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