阐述了在初步设计和施工图设计阶段控制工程造价应遵循的原则与方法。
The text expatiate the tenet and method that should be follow to control project cost during pre design and detailed design for construction section.
在初步设计阶段，根据工艺性、工作环境、强度分析选择具体材料牌号；
Materials are examined by strength and technology property analysis in detail design step.
一个成功的设计者，在初步设计中就应考虑到各方面因素，并为之后所可能产生的问题做好准备。
A successful designer, should consider in the preliminary design various aspects factor, and the question which possibly produces after the institute prepares.
再次，第三章，在初步设计过程中，利用因果图分析法，查找出初步设计阶段质量控制的关键点。
Once more, the third chapter, in the preliminary design process, the use cause and effect chart analytic method, searches the preliminary design stage quality control the key point.
在初步设计、施工图设计阶段分别编制初步设计概算书和施工图设计预算书，进一步优化成本预算。
During the period of preliminary design and construction drawing design, the budget statement should be prepared respectively so as to optimize the cost estimate.
为了证明自己的设计有道理，安吉亚太空公司走了非同寻常的一步：在初步设计阶段，定制建设了试验性的推进系统。
To make its case, RKK Energia took the unusual step - at a preliminary design stage - of ordering the construction of an experimental propulsion system.
尽管初步设计满足了太空局设定的严格要求，但是在俄罗斯航天业内部这个设计方案还是引发了争论。
Despite satisfying tough requirements set by the agency, the project caused controversy within the Russian space industry.
初步设计工作应集中在关键元件上，这些关键元件的尺寸将影响其他元件的设计，例如有眼螺母和刚性支柱连接部件。
Initial design work should focus on components whose dimensions may affect the required designs for other components e. g. eye nuts and rigid strut connecting parts.
在发动机初步设计阶段，要根据对发动机的构型方案进行分析与评价，来选择发动机主要设计参数，并从多个发动机方案中选择最佳方案。
In the preliminary design phase of engine, engine configurations must be analyzed and assessed to choose main design parameters and to select optimal engine scheme from multiple candidates.
在飞行器的初步设计中，快速而有经济地估计出飞行器结构设计中的各种气动特性是非常必要的。
In flight vehicle preliminary design it is necessary to quickly and economically estimate the aerodynamics of a wide variety of flight vehicle configuration designs.
加拿大收集硬币击中认真，一个一个在渥太华的加拿大皇家铸币厂的发源地，由加拿大艺术家初步设计制作的。
Canadian collector COINS are struck meticulously, one by one in Ottawa at the Royal Canadian Mint's original home, crafted from initial designs by Canadian artists.
因此，在发动机轴系初步设计时，预先估计弹性支承应具有的动力特性参数是很有意义的。
Thus, in the primary project of the engine rotor system, it is very useful to predict the dynamic parameters which the flexible supports must have.
桥梁风荷载很复杂，在桥梁初步设计阶段没有必要进行精确地抖振分析。
It is impossible and costly to carry out detailed buffet analysis in the bridge conceptual phase and many short span bridge designs because the wind load on bridge is complicated.
在飞机设计各阶段中，任务定义阶段、概念设计阶段和初步设计阶段的综合优化设计对提高飞机整体性能具有极其重要的意义。
In mission definition stage, conceptual design phase and preliminary design phase, multidisciplinary optimization is especially significant for improving integration performance of aircraft.
初步设计了商业健身俱乐部品牌定位的整体实施流程，希望能为健身俱乐部在品牌定位的实际操作方面提供借鉴。
The preliminary design commercial fitness club brand localization whole implementation flow, had hoped can provide the model for the fitness club in the brand localization actual operation aspect.
在开始阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，并得到批准。
In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved.
在进行标准海塘工程初步设计时，通常需要分析在河段江道的不利冲刷高程值，给海塘整体抗滑稳定计算条件组合提供依据。
In the design of standard seawall project, it is necessary to analyze disadvantage scour elevation in concerned river reaches, providing basic data in computing seawall global slide stability.
结论适用于潜艇X形舵的初步设计以及操纵控制系统，解决了X形舵在潜艇上应用的一个实际问题。
The equivalent rudder angle can be used for primary design of the X rudder and the control system. It is helpful to the practical use of X type rudder on submarine.
在本文最后详述了对usb技术的认识，并初步设计、实现了USB的软件驱动。
In the end of the article, we depict the cognition to USB technology, and provide the rudimental design and implement of USB software driver.
在“协商会”上经双方讨论商定的标准和规范作为初步设计。
The standards and codes shall be decided on the kick-off meeting and be taken as the design Basis.
说明了在进行初步设计阶段对这类轻型结构进行风洞模拟试验的必要性。
It is believed that the wind tunnel simulations are necessary for the early stage of design.
探讨了网格技术在虚拟环境中的应用，并对基于网格技术的网络虚拟地理环境结构框架进行了初步设计。
The application of the grid technology to virtual environments is discussed, and the grid-based VGE framework is designed.
在这个模块里，我们将考查一些工具。这些工具在实质的努力投入之前，对初步设计阶段的候选过程的可操作性的评估很有帮助。
In this module, we will examine some tools that will help to evaluate the operability of the candidate process at the preliminary design stage, before substantial effort has been invested.
结合工程实例，介绍了联合剖面法、视电阻率测深法在土建项目初步设计中的应用，解释了其应用中的异常特征与推断，为项目初步设计提供工程水文地质依据。
Combined with practical work, the application of composite profile method and apparent resistivity sounding method in primary de-sign of building project is introduced.
此外，它也适用于对于时域和频域的行为分析，协助建立在许多初步设计时所使用的两者间关系的直觉概念。
In addition, step responses in the time domain can be examined in order to build an intuitive sense of the relations between time and frequency domain behavior.
太空工程师巴勃罗·德莱昂身穿初步设计定型的火星探索服，在NASA肯尼迪太空中心的“浮土室”进行测试。里面，风扇吹动细土，模拟出可能会让宇航员陷入困顿的火星沙尘暴。
Dressed for Mars, space engineer Pablo de León tests a prototype space suit at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, where fine soil and fans simulate conditions on the red planet.
在该系统的初步设计中，所取得的最主要的成果是对方案设计部分“现有设备利旧与共用”的设计成功。
During the design of this system, the most important result is the success of "using the old equipment".
试验所得结果和数值分析结果基本吻合，在缺少试验数据的情况下可以利用数值模拟的方法对管线的铺设进行初步设计。
The results of tests, theoretical and numerical analysis explain the process and rules of soil resistances acting on the pipelines in different directions.
试验所得结果和数值分析结果基本吻合，在缺少试验数据的情况下可以利用数值模拟的方法对管线的铺设进行初步设计。
The results of tests, theoretical and numerical analysis explain the process and rules of soil resistances acting on the pipelines in different directions.
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