我国法院在审理开证人与受益人之间的国际备用信用证纠纷案件中，是如何确定准据法的呢？
If a lawsuit involving international standby letter of credit is lodged to Chinese court, how to fix on the applicable law?
因此，备用信用证一直是国际上研究的热点问题之一，尤其是在《国际备用证惯例》出台之后。
Therefore, the standby letter of credit has been a hot issue in international research, especially after the International Standby Practices have been put into practice.
一个缺乏短期流动性的国家可能不愿向国际货币基金组织寻求“备用信贷协议”——IMF危机贷款的中流砥柱。
A country lacking short-term liquidity would be loth to approach the IMF for a loan under the "stand-by arrangement", the mainstay of the IMF's crisis lending.
国际货币基金组织说，它将给匈牙利提供将近160亿美元的备用贷款。与此同时，欧盟同意提供80多亿美元，世界银行提供10多亿美元。
The International Monetary Fund says it will grant Hungary a standby loan of nearly $16 billion while the European Union has offered over $8 billion and the World Bank more than $1 billion.
国际货币基金组织的备用协定只关注国际收支平衡问题，并且旨在帮助中央银行增加外汇储备。
The IMF stand-by arrangement formally targets the BOP position only, and is intended to help the central bank shore up foreign-exchange reserves.
秉承长期以来抵抗外部势力，尤其是西方国家干涉的作风，它同时接受了国际货币基金组织为期27个月的14亿美元备用贷款。
Long resistant to outside interference, particularly fromthe West, it has also accepted a 27-month IMF standby loan of $1.4billion.
对少数国家来说，这一威胁已成为事实：20个国家，多数是东欧国家，和国际货币基金组织签订了备用协议并收紧财政政策。
For a few, the threat materialised: 20 countries, many in eastern Europe, signed standby arrangements with the IMF and tightened fiscal policy.
在此次STS - 133任务中，“发现号”携带了补给、备用部件以及国际空间站的最后一个舱室-永久性多功能存储单元舱。
For the STS-133 mission, Discovery carried supplies, spare parts, and the Permanent Multipurpose Module, a storage unit that's the final piece of the International Space Station.
国际原子能机构将备用发电机的失效回咎于海啸。
The failure of the back-up generators has been blamed on tsunami flooding by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
经营国际海运航线业务的海运总公司对其所属公司用于船舶营运所需备用金的调拨和所属公司上划运费。
Funds of disbursement for shipping operation transferred by sea shipping company in international sea shipping operation to its subsidiaries and transportation fees submitted by its subsidiaries.
备用证的作用和性质与跟单信用证是不同的，但长期以来备用证业务却依附于国际商会关于跟单信用证的国际惯例。
But for a long time, standby business has followed international customs of documentary letters of credit as stipulated by the international Commercial Committee (ICC).
本文首先通过国际组织和美国对备用信用证的相关陈述，得出了备用信用证的定义。
The thesis first reviews the definitions of a standby letter of credit given by the international government and America, and then concludes the definition.
用英语做到这一点可能有些困难。但请记住金融是一个十分国际化的行业，假如你想在该领域从事严肃的工作，你就必须具备用英语谈金融的能力。
Doing this in English may be difficult, but remember that finance is a very international industry, and if you want to do serious work in it, you will have to be able to talk about finance in English.
用英语做到这一点可能有些困难。但请记住金融是一个十分国际化的行业，假如你想在该领域从事严肃的工作，你就必须具备用英语谈金融的能力。
Doing this in English may be difficult, but remember that finance is a very international industry, and if you want to do serious work in it, you will have to be able to talk about finance in English.
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