养老金固定缴款计划几乎将所有的风险都传递给了雇员。
With a DC pension, nearly all the risk is passed to the employees.
相同的问题同样出现在私有部门和采取养老金的固定缴款计划的公司。
These same issues apply to those on private and defined-contribution pensions.
参加固定缴款计划且即将退休的家庭中位数仅有11.1万美元的养老金。
The median household approaching retirement in a defined-contribution scheme has a pot of just $111,000.
另一种方式获取数字的方式是，看看实行养老金固定缴款计划达十年的忠实成员。
Another way to get at the Numbers is to look at employees who were consistent members of DC schemes over a period of ten years.
第二，在固定缴款计划中，雇主缴款低于最终薪金计划，因此养老金低于最终薪金计划。
Second, employers make smaller contributions to DC schemes than to final-salary plans [2], so pensions are likely to be lower.
这就比较容易的解释固定缴款计划的含义：雇主每年仅仅缴纳占工资总额一部分比例的费用。
It is relatively easy to work out what that means with a DC scheme: the employer simply pays a proportion of its payroll into it each year.
他们同时采取复合计划，即把部分传统的确定给付养老金形式替换为私营部门常见的养老金固定缴款计划。
They would also have hybrid plans, with part of the traditional defined-benefit pension replaced by a defined-contribution plan of the sort common in the private sector.
因为这些计划的成本很高，新员工通常适用于固定缴款计划，这种计划雇主缴款较低且退休收入随着市场变化。
Because the cost of such schemes is high, new employees are usually offered defined-contribution (DC) schemes, in which employer contributions are lower and retirement income varies with the markets.
密歇根州在1997年就不再对新员工实行养老金固定收益计划，阿拉斯加州于2006年实行了对新员工的养老金固定缴款计划。
Michigan closed its defined-benefit scheme to entrants back in 1997 and Alaska moved to a defined-contribution plan for new staff in 2006.
缴款的金额在很大程度上决定了最终的养老金数目，因此在目前水平下，养老金固定缴款计划将和以前的最终薪金退休金计划大不相同。
The amount put into a plan largely determines the resulting pension, so the current level of DC contributions will not deliver anything like the old final-salary pensions.
据塔沃森的一项研究，过去十年，养老金固定收益计划的全球资产每年仅增长2.9%，而养老金固定缴款计划的全球资产每年增长了7.5%。
Over the past ten years global assets in DB plans have grown by just 2.9% a year, whereas those in defined-contribution plans have increased by 7.5%, according to a Towers Watson study.
这些产品包括在401 (k)计划和其他固定缴款退休计划中，意在帮助投资者防范市场下滑，提供较小规模的回报。
Offered within 401 (k) s and other defined-contribution retirement plans, these products aim to shield investors from market downdrafts and deliver modest returns.
但是作为替代方案的固定缴款养老金计划(DC)却损害雇员利益。
But the replacement of DB schemes with defined-contribution (DC) plans hurts employees.
通过限定雇主的债务的最高限额，养老金计划从固定收益（DB）转变成固定缴款（DC）后，在很长一段时间后将会节约成本。
A switch from DB to DC will save money over the long term by capping the employer's liability.
通过限定雇主的债务的最高限额，养老金计划从固定收益（DB）转变成固定缴款（DC）后，在很长一段时间后将会节约成本。
A switch from DB to DC will save money over the long term by capping the employer's liability.
应用推荐