摹状词理论与历史因果理论是专名意义问题上的两种对立的理论。
The theory of description and the theory of historical causality are opposite to each other on the problem of the meaning of proper names.
现代逻辑产生以来，名称问题上的学术论争集中在描述理论和因果理论之间。
Disputes about names since modern logic are between Descriptivist theory of names and Causal theory of names.
现代逻辑产生以来，名称问题上的学术论争集中在描述理论和因果理论之间。
Disputes over names since modern logic are between Descriptivist Theory of names and Causal Theory of names.
尼采对因果观念的批判和他独具特色的因果理论，是其知识论与本体论的核心部分。
Nietzsche's analysis of the notion of causality and his distinctive causality theory, compose epistemology and ontology.
所以他的因果理论受限于时代环境，类似于看到一起海难就下结论说人类的自然和普遍的状态就是淹死。
So his theory of causation was skewed by circumstance, a kin to watching a shipwreck and concluding that the natural and universal state of man is drowning.
因果理论是基于关系的一种很有影响的理论，而吉卜赛律师风格的反例则是针对这一理论的主要反对意见。
The causal theory of the basing relation is a very influential theory but counterexamples of the gypsy-lawyer style constitute a major objection to this kind of theory.
两个变量之间存在的联系几乎没有谈到相关的理论，但这种关系通常被随意臆断成有因果性的。
That a relationship between two variables exists says very little about the underlying theory but often the relationship is casually assumed to be causal.
关联关系比因果关系重要，科学甚至能在没有一致模型、统一理论，甚至完全不需要任何解释的情况下进步。
Correlation supersedes causation, and science can advance even without coherent models, unified theories, or really any mechanistic explanation at all.
也许这话说得有道理，但是任何一种关于因果性的成功理论都不会支持笛卡尔将心灵和物质区分为两种实体的做法。
Though this may be true, it is unlikely that any reasonably successful theory of causation would support the Cartesian distinction between two different kinds of substance, mind and matter.
所以理论上学习效应和规模效应不同，尽管实际操作中由于不确定性和模糊的因果关系可能很难区分它们。
Thus learning effects are theoretically distinct from scale effects, even if in practice they my be hard to differentiate due to e.g. uncertainty and causal ambiguity.
但是，没有理论能够证明二者之间的因果关系。
But there is little academically accepted evidence of a causal relationship.
因果关系理论是休谟哲学中最主要、最具特色的一个部分。
Causal relation theory is the most main and characteristic thing in the Hume philosophy.
情境模型理论认为人们在理解信息的过程中至少需要建构5个维度，即：（1）空间，（2）时间，（3）实体，（4）因果，（5）目的等。
The theory of SM believes that the representation of SM concerns at least five dimensions, such as (1) space, (2) time, (3) entity, (4) causality and (5) intention.
归因理论是对认识到的因果关系的研究。
Attribution theory is concerned with the study of perceived causation.
研究者提示说他们无法就此中因果关系提供任何相关理论，因为他们仅仅观察并比较了口服避孕药的妇女与不服避孕药的妇女。
The researchers noted that they could not offer any theories about cause and effect because they only observed and compared women who took the pill with women who did not.
相当因果关系理论的“相当性”过于抽象，且有异化为法官认识的可能。
The theory of common possibility is way too abstract and may deviate to judges' standpoint.
重点介绍机率理论的历史，以及机率理论和因果推理的计算方法。
Emphasizes history of probability theory and computational approaches to probabilistic and causal inference.
重点介绍概率理论的历史，以及盖然论和因果推理的计算方法。
Emphasizes history of probability theory and computational approaches to probabilistic and causal inference.
第三部分介绍美国因果关系推定的理论与实践。重点介绍信赖推定与欺诈市场理论。
The third part is to introduce the theories and practices of presumption, while mainly focusing on the theories of reliance presumption and fraud-on-the-market.
研究侵权法上的因果关系的目的在于为司法实务中对因果关系的认定提供理论帮助。
The aim of pursuing the causation of the law of torts is to theoretically support the ascertainment of real causality in judicial cases.
第二部分：详细分析了两种主要的关于名称的指称理论：以罗素为代表的摹状词理论和以克里·普克的历史因果的指称理论。
The second part analyzes two important reference theory concerning name: Description theory represented by Russell and Historical Casual theory of reference represented by Kripke.
探讨行为的原因与分析因果关系的各种理论叫归因论。
Researching on the causes of conduct and various theories on analyzing cause and result relationships are called the theory of imputation.
该大学称“这项研究显示光子遵从速度极限理论，它证实了爱因斯坦的因果关系理论；即有因才有果”
"The study, which showed that single photons also obey the speed limit c, confirms Einstein's causality; that is, an effect cannot occur before its cause, " the university said.
因果图理论可以进行故障分析，但是缺乏对基本事件的重要性的分析。
Causality diagram methodology can be applied in fault analysis, however lack of analysis on basic event importance.
介绍了海因里希因果连锁理论，论述了海因里希因果连锁理论对危险化学品生产企业安全管理的启示。
This paper introduces Heinrich causal chain theory, and discusses the inspiration of Heinrich causal chain theory on the safety management of dangerous chemicals production enterprise.
与其他学说相比，此说更符合民事诉讼认识论以及民事诉讼的目的要求，因此，笔者主张应以相当因果关系说作为因果关系证明的理论基础。
Compared with the other theories, it is more suitable to the epistemology and the aim in the civil litigation, so, well-matched causation theory should be the basic theory in proof of causation.
指称在因果描述理论和直接指称的因果链条中是同样模糊的。
This suggest indirectly that reference of proper names in the causal description theory and the casual chain of direct reference are equally vague.
克里·普克、普特南是因果历史理论的代表，他们认为：专名是严格指示词，在每个可能世界都指称同一个对象。
Kripke and Putnam who has presented the theory of the historic causality consider that proper name is the rigid designator, and always refers to the same object in every possible world.
最低程度上，这种理论会认为人类心灵是因果世界的一部分，它属于哲学家所谓的世界的“因果规则”。
At the very least, such an explanation of the mind must demonstrate how the mind is part of the world of causes and effects - part of what philosophers call the 'causal order' of the world.
最低程度上，这种理论会认为人类心灵是因果世界的一部分，它属于哲学家所谓的世界的“因果规则”。
At the very least, such an explanation of the mind must demonstrate how the mind is part of the world of causes and effects - part of what philosophers call the 'causal order' of the world.
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