同时认为适用因果关系推定原则应有原则、条件等限制，并配以具体的方法。
It is pointed out that there are some restrict principles and concrete application methods in using presumption principle of causality.
第三部分介绍美国因果关系推定的理论与实践。重点介绍信赖推定与欺诈市场理论。
The third part is to introduce the theories and practices of presumption, while mainly focusing on the theories of reliance presumption and fraud-on-the-market.
环境污染犯罪是一种新型犯罪，环境污染犯罪的特征决定了因果关系推定原则是认定环境污染犯罪因果关系的主流性原则。
Environmental pollution crime is a recently emerging crime. The principle for presuming the crime based on cause-effect relationship has proved a mainstream principle for establishing its nature.
环境侵权在因果关系方面采用推定规则。
Presumption of causation rule has been used in its causal relationship.
共同危险行为在因果关系上是必然性和法律推定相结合。
Its causality is a combination of certainty and legal presumption.
然而，理论界和实务界对于这种推定因果关系在证明责任分配上的效力，却存在不同的认识。
However, there is different knowledge about the effect of presumption of causality on allocation of burden of proof in the theoretic and practical field.
例如，盖然性学说运用优势证据或事实推定理论，可以使受害者更容易的解决因果关系问题。
For example, using the theory of High degree of probability, the victims can solve the causal problem more easily.
例如，盖然性学说运用优势证据或事实推定理论，可以使受害者更容易的解决因果关系问题。
For example, using the theory of High degree of probability, the victims can solve the causal problem more easily.
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