本研究的主题当中，就是界定引发噬细胞凋亡的分子。
The focus of the present study was to delineate the molecule (s) that is involved in inducing macrophage apoptosis.
自噬对于巨噬细胞清除尘粒和损伤的线粒体具有重要作用。
Autophagy plays an important role in cleaning dust particles and the injured mitochondria.
在这里，我们评估认为，通过自噬细胞死亡发生积累的文献。
Here, we evaluate the accumulating body of literature that argues that cell death occurs by autophagy.
结论：尘粒沉积可引起巨噬细胞的自噬功能增强，并可出现凋亡。
CONCLUSION: Deposition of dust particles induces enhancement of autophagic activities and apoptosis of macrophages.
在实验室之前的研究当中发现到噬细胞在吞入活胞浆菌之后会进行细胞凋亡。
Work from our laboratory has shown that macrophages undergo apoptosis after taking up viable Histoplasma yeasts.
另一个最常见的白细胞是巨噬细胞，它是象嗜中性白细胞一样的噬菌细胞，有着很多其他的防御功能。
The next most common milk leukocyte is the macrophage, which is phagocytic like neutrophils and performs a number of other protective functions.
将淋巴结和吞噬碳粒后的细胞做超薄切片，观察巨噬细胞内的吞噬体、自噬体和溶酶体的结构和分布。
The ultrathin sections of the lymph nodes and the cells phagocytized carbon particles were prepared. The structures and distribution of phagosomes, autophagosomes and lysosomes were viewed.
但是现在来自爱因斯坦医学院的一群研究人员有了一项新的发现——节食会导致大脑自噬。(他们的这项理论发表于今日的《细胞新陈代谢》上。)
But now a group of researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine have a new theory-dieting causes the brain to eat itself. (Their study is published today in Cell Metabolism.)
自噬与凋亡在细胞死亡过程中的关系十分密切。
There is a close relationship between autophagy and apoptosis during cell death.
本文对自噬的过程及其在细胞存活和死亡中的作用作一综述。
This review focuses on the processes of autophagy and its roles in cell survival and cell death.
这项研究说明了EGFR–SGLT1通路通过维持细胞内的葡萄糖水平，阻止自噬性细胞死亡，从而为肿瘤细胞提供了生存优势。
This study reveals that EGFR–SGLT1 may confer a survival advantage to cancer cells by maintaining a basal level of intracellular glucose and preventing autophagy.
在分子水平上，这意味着在细胞凋亡和自噬的反应机制有着共同的通道，要么链接或者要么分化某些细胞反应。
On a molecular level, this means that the apoptotic and autophagic response machineries share common pathways that either link or polarize the cellular responses.
研究者们对凋亡与细胞周期的关系进行了深入而细致的研究，但对自噬性细胞死亡与细胞周期的关系却知之甚少。
The relationship of apoptosis and cell cycle has been explored deeply, but little is known about the relationship of autophagic cell death and cell cycle.
然而，不可能确定自噬空泡的增加是否是一种适应性反应或细胞死亡的预兆。
However, it is not possible to determine whether the increase in autophagic vacuolization is an adaptive response or a harbinger of cell death.
大多数免疫细胞是嗜中性白细胞，一种通常在血液中循环的噬菌细胞。
Most of the cells are neutrophils, a type of phagocyte that normally circulates in the bloodstream.
在凋亡缺陷的肿瘤细胞中，自噬延长了生存期。
In tumour cells with defects in apoptosis, autophagy allows prolonged survival.
噬神经细胞现象，这个垂死的神经元被周围小胶质细胞包围。
This is an example of neuronophagia in which a dying neuron is surrounded by microglial cells.
现在这个观念已被使用在细胞和生物机体的自噬基因缺陷之评估当中。
This concept has now been evaluated using cells and organisms deficient in autophagy genes.
目的探讨神经生长因子对小鼠粒-巨噬系血细胞发生的影响。
Objective to explore the effect of nerve growth factor on hematopoiesis of granulocyte-macrophage and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
纤维连接蛋白，在初乳中大量存在，可以使某些特定噬菌细胞更加积极，以便让他们摄取即使没有被抗体标记的(外来)微生物。
And fibronectin, present in large quantities in colostrum, can make certain phagocytes more aggressive so that they will ingest microbes even when the microbes have not been tagged by an antibody.
一些证据表明，嗜中性粒细胞持续充当婴儿肠道内的噬菌细胞。
Some evidence suggests that neutrophils continue to act as phagocytes in the infant's gut.
矛盾的是，尽管自噬主要对于细胞起一种保护过程中，它也在细胞死亡中起着一定的作用。
Paradoxically, although autophagy is primarily a protective process for the cell, it can also play a role in cell death.
母乳中的某些特定免疫细胞是直接攻击外来微生物的噬菌细胞，另一组免疫细胞则产生激活婴儿自身免疫反应的化学物质。
Certain immune cells in human milk are phagocytes that attack microbes directly. Another set produces chemicals that invigorate the infant's own immune response.
真核细胞使用自噬和泛素蛋白酶体系统，作为它们主要的蛋白质降解通道。
Eukaryotic cells use autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system as their major protein degradation pathways.
近来的证据显示：自噬提供了一个保护性功能来限制肿瘤坏死和炎症，同时减轻了肿瘤细胞内的染色体损伤来回应代谢性应激。
Recent evidence suggests that autophagy provides a protective function to limit tumour necrosis and inflammation and to mitigate genome damage in tumour cells in response to metabolic stress.
在后生动物有机体的细胞程序性死亡(PCD)中可以普遍观察到自噬现象。但它在垂死细胞的功能作用还不清楚。
Autophagy is commonly observed in metazoan organisms during programmed cell death (PCD), but its function in dying cells has been unclear.
在后生动物有机体的细胞程序性死亡(PCD)中可以普遍观察到自噬现象。但它在垂死细胞的功能作用还不清楚。
Autophagy is commonly observed in metazoan organisms during programmed cell death (PCD), but its function in dying cells has been unclear.
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