因此应用药物促使肿瘤启动细胞凋亡程序，就成为抗肿瘤治疗的一个有意义与希望的研究领域。
Therefore a meaningful and hopeful field of anti-tumor treatment study is applying medicine to start the tumor cell apoptosis process.
由于病毒可能会意外地启动细胞本身含有的致癌基因，因此这种方法生成的干细胞用在患者身上就不够安全。
Because the virus could accidentally switch on cancer genes, the cells would not be safe enough to use in patients.
然后，他们复制DNA信息块，让它们在酵母细胞中自行组合，几个小时后就看到了一个生物体“启动生长”。
They then printed the DNA in chunks, allowed the pieces to self-assemble in a yeast cell and witnessed an organism "boot up" after a few hours.
然后，科学家们将这些物质加入人类细胞培养皿中，发现这些细胞的一氧化氮含量增长了240%，而一氧化氮可以迅速启动人类的免疫系统。
They then applied the substances to a culture of human cells. And the cells experienced a 240 percent increase in the production of nitric oxide, which is known to jump start the immune system.
在哺乳动物细胞里，启动子是一个包含着许多蛋白质结合位点的复杂区域，它调节基因的表达。
In mammalian cells, the promoter is a complex region containing binding sites for many proteins that regulate gene expression.
比如，科学家们发现在重大事件中，如强烈地震，细胞启动的感官反应要——比在温和地震中——强烈得多。
For example, the scientists found that during a major event, such as a strong earthquake, cells triggered a larger sensory response than they did during a mild earthquake.
英国科学家日前在实验室中，启动了首个治疗无法治愈的和毁灭性的脑科疾病的人造干细胞计划。
British scientists have launched the world's first stem cell project to recreate a devastating and incurable brain disease in the laboratory.
启动子自身则由其他分子激活，这些启动子能否表达取决于其所在的细胞是否给其必要的刺激。
Promoters themselves are activated by other molecules, and whether they are switched on or not depends on whether the cell they are in provides the necessary stimulation.
血细胞提供氧气(红细胞)，抵御外来微生物和抗原(白细胞)，并启动凝血(血小板)。
The cellular elements supply oxygen (RBC), protect against foreign organisms and antigens (white cells), and initiate coagulation (platelets).
这些药物的作用机制是阻断酪氨酸激酶启动信号级联反应，后者可以促进肿瘤细胞生长。
The drugs work by preventing an enzyme called tyrosine kinase from launching a signaling cascade that fuels tumor cell growth.
这将启动退化的趋势，从而导致细胞是什么通常称为衰老过程。
This will then start a trend of degenerated cells which leads to what is commonly known as the aging process.
然后，我们把低浓度渗入细胞并启动级联反应，激活释放氧气，刺激干扰素和免疫补充。
Then we put in the low concentration to permeate the cell and start the cascade reactions that activate the release of oxygen and stimulate interferon and the immune complement.
尽管以往对癫痫进行了热烈的研究，但仍有一个关键问题没有得到解答：导致癫痫局灶性癫痫发作启动最早的细胞活动在是怎样的？
In spite of intense research in the field of epilepsy, a key question remains unanswered: what are the earliest cellular events leading to the initiation of a focal seizure?
细胞表面的受体对外界信息的相应反应就是将信息以信号的形式传递给启动基因表达和控制细胞功能的细胞核。
In response to such incoming information, receptors on a cell's surface send signals to the nucleus that tweak gene expression and control cellular function.
细胞到达靶器官、识别移植的异体抗原，启动一系列变化。
The T cell arrives at the target organ, the recognition transplant foreign body antigen, starts a series of changes.
失巢凋亡是一种当细胞与其周围的基质和邻近细胞分离后而被启动死亡的过程。
Anoikis is the process by which cells are triggered to die when separated from their surrounding matrix and neighboring cells.
易努拉-阿瑞斯说，细胞内启动的信号不同于细胞外启动的信号。
Iruela-Arispe said signaling inside the cell is different from that initiated outside the cell.
许多癌症治疗方法，如egfr抑制因子，靶向激酶-酶蛋白，而这些蛋白能启动新号级联反应而使细胞繁殖。
Many cancer therapeutics, such as EGFR inhibitors, target proteins that are kinases-enzymes that initiate a cascade of signals that tell cells to reproduce.
封闭负压引流技术（V.A.C）对创面愈合启动和修复细胞增殖、迁移的影响。
Effect of V. A. C on Wound Healing Start, Reparative Cell Proliferation and Migration.
这些化合物能够启动树状突细胞产生致炎因子从而依次来引发可导致癌细胞死亡的细胞毒作用。
These compounds activate dendritic cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn trigger cytotoxic mechanisms leading to cancer death.
这些细胞是在那里看到启动，因为它们转换成光信号给大脑。
These cells are where seeing starts, as they convert light into signals to the brain.
当一种受体与其相应的配体相遇，经细胞膜传递信号，随后启动下一个反应。
When one of the receptors encounters such a molecule, it relays a signal across the cell membrane that, in turn, initiates a response.
长期以来，科学家们一直在研究一种肿瘤治疗的新途径，即通过启动恶性细胞的成熟和程序化死亡达到分化治疗。
For a long time, scientists have been working on a new approach of cancer treatment, the differentiation therapy, by triggering malignant cells' maturation and programmed cell death.
长期以来，科学家们一直在研究一种肿瘤治疗的新途径，即通过启动恶性细胞的成熟和程序化死亡达到分化治疗。
For a long time, scientists have been working on a new approach of cancer treatment, the differentiation therapy, by triggering malignant cells' maturation and programmed cell death.
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