且渗透率越低，启动压力梯度越大，压力传导速度越慢。
And the same time the lower permeability is the greater starting pressure gradient and the more slow speed of pressure conduction is.
结果表明流度与启动压力梯度是形成非线性渗流的主要因素。
The results showed that mobility and start-up pressure gradient are the main reasons of non-linear seepage flow effect.
启动压力梯度使压力波传播范围变小，井底污染会造成一个附加压力降。
The spread range gets smaller because of threshold pressure gradient, and there will be a additional pressure drop in the bottom of the well because of the skin damage.
给出了考虑注采比和启动压力梯度的平均地层压力和边界压力的确定方法。
The method is presented to determine formation average pressure and boundary pressure with threshold pressure gradient and injection-production ratio.
考虑启动压力梯度和介质变形的影响，研究低渗透油藏中直井产量的变化规律。
With consideration of start up pressure gradient and media deformation, this paper studies vertical well production in low permeable reservoirs.
因此，在进行低渗透油藏垂直裂缝井产能分析时，必须考虑启动压力梯度的影响。
Therefore, the impact of starting pressure gradient must be considered when analyzing the productivity of vertical fracture well in low permeability reservoir.
首先，在引入启动压力梯度来描述非达西渗流运动规律的基础之上建立渗流模型。
In view of this, this paper importantly studied the rule of flow in homogeneous low-permeability reservoir related start-up pressure.
实验表明，低渗透油藏具有启动压力梯度，因此其渗流规律与中、高渗透油藏不同。
Experiments show that a low permeable reservoir has a starting pressure gradient, and therefore different seepage rule from that of middle and high permeable reservoirs.
与水驱相比，微生物驱油可降低启动压力梯度，降低渗流阻力，扩大有效驱动距离。
The experiments show that microbe solution flooding can decrease the threshold pressure gradient, lessen the flow resistance, and extend the effective drainage distance.
该方法可用于考虑启动压力梯度影响的低渗透气藏气井井筒储集效应结束时间的计算。
The method can be used to calculate the the end time of effect of wellbore storage with start-up pressure gradient considered.
启动压力梯度的存在会使煤层中羽状水平井的降压效果变差，从而减少煤层气的产量。
The existence of start-up pressure gradient can make depressurization effect of pinnate horizontal multilateral well get worse, which promotes gas production reduced.
为了研究低渗透砂岩的启动压力梯度，设计了一种非稳态渗流中测量压力的试验方法。
The threshold pressure gradient of low permeability sandstone was studied experimentally by measuring the pressure attenuation in an unsteady seepage flow.
结果表明：压力恢复稳态测压法求解启动压力梯度理论正确，方法简单，具有明显的优点。
The results indicate that using pressure build-up steady state pressure survey approach to calculate starting pressure gradient has obvious advantages with simple method and is theoretically correct.
低渗透储层渗流具有非达西特征和启动压力梯度，是研究低渗透储层开发过程中问题的基础。
Research on characters of non-Darcy flow and starting pressure gradient of low permeability reservoir were foundation of reservoir production.
结果表明影响低渗气藏的主要因素有应力作用、启动压力梯度、渗透率、滑脱效应、水锁效应等。
It is indicated that the main factors affecting low permeability gas reservoir are stress action, start-up pressure gradient, permeability, slippage effect, and water blocking effect etc.
结果表明：启动压力梯度、层间储容比、地层系数比的变化对段塞流试井解释结果有较大的影响。
The result shows that the change of gradient of kick-off pressure, the storage ratio and the ratio of formation coefficients have relatively big effect on the slug flow well test result.
在双对数坐标图上，用实测压力数据和理论无量纲压力曲线拟合，求出低渗透岩心的启动压力梯度。
The TPG is solved by comparison testing pressure curve with theory curves in single log coordinate system.
目前，国内外对启动压力梯度的研究主要集中在油水两相中，对于油气两相启动压力梯度研究很少。
At present, the studies of starting pressure gradient in home and abroad are main focus on single phase and water-oil two-phase and there are a few studies of gas-oil two-phase.
某低渗透油田的测试分析结果表明，该IPR方程能有效评价启动压力梯度动态变化对油井动态的影响。
The testing results of a low permeability reservoir indicate that this IPR equation can effectively evaluate the impact of starting pressure gradient on inflow performance.
将研究结果应用于普通稠油油藏，给出了利用启动压力梯度确定极限泄油半径及合理井距的理论计算方法。
This method can be used for conventional heavy oil reservoir to calculate ultimate drainage radius and reasonable well spacing through starting pressure gradient.
针对低渗透地层垂直裂缝井的渗流过程，考虑了启动压力梯度和介质变形系数的影响，建立了三线流模型。
In view of seepage process in vertical fracture well in low permeability reservoir, considering kickoff pressure gradient and media deformation coefficient, bilinear flow model is established.
采用有限差分法和混合有限分析法对耦合模型进行数值求解，并分析了启动压力梯度对地下水污染浓度的影响。
The finite difference method is used to solve the coupling model, and the influence of starting pressure gradient on the distribution of groundwater pollutant concentrations is analyzed.
利用微观尺度管流模型，结合普通稠油流变特征，提出了在考虑稠油流变性条件下微观启动压力梯度计算方法。
The calculation method of microcosmic starting pressure gradient is put forward based on the model of pipe flowing and rheological behaviour of conventional heavy oil.
低渗透油田由于存在启动压力梯度，开采难度很大，因此，在低渗透油田开发时必须考虑启动压力梯度的影响。
The impact of starting pressure gradient must be considered due to existence of starting pressure gradient and recovery difficulty during the development of low permeability oil reservoirs.
给出了极限井底流压和产量拐点的求解方法，分析了启动压力梯度、流体性质等因素对低渗透油藏油井产能的影响。
The effects of reservoir fluid property in high and low pressure and the starting pressure gradient on the percolation laws were taken into account in this model.
结果表明：在低渗透多孔介质中，液体渗流为非达西类型，渗流曲线特征为凹形曲线至直线，存在（拟）启动压力梯度；
The results show that: (1) a liquid flow through low permeability porous media has characteristics of non Darcy flow and there are starting pressure gradients;
根据低渗透非均质油藏的特点，分析了启动压力梯度、纵向非均质性、小层厚度和平面砂体厚度展布对该类油藏开发的影响。
The influences of threshold pressure gradient, vertical heterogeneity, subzone thickness and areal sand thickness distribution on development of low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs are analyzed.
根据低渗透非均质油藏的特点，分析了启动压力梯度、纵向非均质性、小层厚度和平面砂体厚度展布对该类油藏开发的影响。
The influences of threshold pressure gradient, vertical heterogeneity, subzone thickness and areal sand thickness distribution on development of low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs are analyzed.
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