当构建一个后端程序时，最好是首先检索PID或只是检索条目的属性。
When building a back-end program, it is best to first retrieve the PIDs or only the attributes of an item.
作为专业的后端程序员，我们将专注于从数据库中获得数据，并将其转为json格式。
As dedicated back-end programmers, we will focus on getting the data from the database all the way to JSON format.
如果一个后端程序必须和用户交互，它应该启动前端进程或者将消息转发给前端进程来进行。
If a background process must communicate with the user, it should start or bring forward the foreground application.
如果您正在构建后端程序，该程序需要增加属于条目的部分，那么首先请检索满足查询的条目的PID。
If you are building a back-end program that would augment parts belonging to an item, first retrieve the PIDs of the items that satisfy the query.
由于SPU指令集并不与现有的CPU架构直接相关，因此我们为GCC和binutils编写了一个新的后端程序。
Since the SPU instruction set is not directly related to an existing CPU architecture, a new back end was written for both GCC and binutils.
最终的代码在压缩包里，所以不需要复制上面的代码。现在后端程序完成了，下面我们就该更有趣的工作了——使用html和jQuery ！
The final code is all in the attached zip file, so don't worry about copying this into your text editor. Now that the back end is finished, we can move on to the fun work -the HTML and jQuery!
本文将带您一览AIX 的假脱机（spooler）后端程序，比如piomkpq、piolsvp、lsvirprt、chvirprt、rmvirprt。
This article walks through AIX's spooler back-end programs such as piomkpq, piolsvp, lsvirprt, chvirprt, and rmvirprt.
某个后端程序扫描了这个HTML，从段中找出若干关键字，然后将这些关键字与我的 “RDF网站摘要（RDF Site Summary，RSS）”与 “FOAF（friend-of-a-friend）文件”相关联。
One of the back ends scans the HTML and finds some keywords in the section, which it then links to my RDF Site Summary (RSS) and friend-of-a-friend (FOAF) files.
在出现了应用程序或后端故障时，是否能够快速恢复运行？
Could you be back up and running quickly after experiencing an application or backend failure?
规范基本上是描述如何在应用程序服务器和后端应用程序间部署所谓的资源适配器。
Basically, the specification describes how a so-called resource adapter is deployed between the application server and the back-end application.
到目前为止，本文已经介绍了如何构建应用程序的后端。
So far, this article has described how to build the back end of your application.
每个星期，一个后端应用程序收到合作伙伴发来的更新请求以及他们要求销售的新产品列表。
Every week, a backend application receives several updates from partners with the list of new products they have available for sale.
显然，这使得它们对于任何旨在集成异构后端应用程序的工作来说都非常有用。
Obviously, this makes them very useful for any effort targeting the integration of heterogeneous back-end applications.
例如，假设一个ESB与多个后端服务提供程序通信(当然，事实总是这样)，不同的提供程序有不同的超时。
Assume, for example, that an ESB communicates with more than one back-end service provider (which, of course, is virtually always the case), and that different providers have different timeouts.
侦听发送到输入队列的消息的某个后端守护程序进程将接收此消息，并将其分派到可以处理此消息的某段代码。
Some back-end daemon process listening for messages posted to the input queue would receive the message and dispatch it to some piece of code capable of handling the message.
实际的数据验证是后端应用程序的职责。
Actual data verification will be the responsibility of the backend applications.
后端应用程序完全不受此影响，因为ESB可以为客户端提供虚拟服务接口。
The backend application is not affected by this at all, since the ESB provides the virtual service interface to the clients.
在这个模式中，模式应用程序通过应用了多种处理规则的中介与后端应用程序交互。
In this pattern, partner applications interact with backend applications through an intermediary where a variety of processing rules are applied.
该线程负责客户端浏览器与后端应用程序服务器之间的所有数据交换。
The thread is responsible for all data exchange between client browser and back-end application server.
不过，主动凭证可以使用标准认证(如基于HTTP表单的认证或基本认证)向后端应用程序提交凭证。
However, active credentials can submit credentials to back-end applications using standard authentications, such as HTTP form-based authentication or basic authentication.
后端驱动程序不需要是通用的，因为它们只实现前端所需的行为。
The back-end drivers need not be common as long as they implement the required behaviors of the front end.
后端应用程序适配器—这些适配器表示那些使用特定后端应用程序语言的代码，将统一界面引入架构的其他部分。
Backend application adapters — These adapters represent the code that talks the language of a particular back-end application. They present a uniform interface for it to the rest of the framework.
事件侦听程序将调用后端服务。
现在看看如何集成这个应用程序和后端数据库。
Now look at what it takes to integrate this application with a backend database.
在使用JMS集成后端应用程序时，我们经常说这些应用程序是松散耦合的。
When you integrate back-end applications using JMS, the applications are often referred to as loosely-coupled.
前面说过，对于本文，只从后端应用程序公开三个字段。
As we stated earlier, for this article, we only expose three fields from the backend application.
缓冲区的格式、顺序和内容仅对前端和后端驱动程序有意义。
The format, order, and contents of the buffers are meaningful only to the front-end and back-end drivers.
结果对象既可以表示用户数据，又可以与后端应用程序通信以更新数据内容。
The result is an object that can both represent the data to the user and communicate with the back-end application to update the data contents.
各组织纷纷开始在SIMM级别2构建这种能力。起初，它们将连接性代码写入其后端应用程序。
Organizations start building this capability in SIMM level 2. Initially, they write connectivity code into their backend applications.
HTTP访问服务被设计为将经过认证的传输中转到一个后端应用程序服务器或代理。
HTTP access services are designed to relay authenticated traffic to a single backend application server or proxy.
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