合成基因组相对简单。
他位于圣迭戈的合成基因组公司计划将这种新的细菌注册专利。
His company, Synthetic Genomics, based in San Diego, plans to patent the new bug.
这可能是在合成基因组学领域最重要的新发现之一。
This is possibly one of the most important new findings in the field of synthetic genomics.
文特尔的研究小组使用了合成基因组激活了世界上第一个人造细菌细胞。
Venter’s team uses a synthetic genome to boot up the world’s first man-made bacterial cell.
合成基因组或人工细胞有多种用途，包括制备人造燃料，如氢或乙醇。
Synthetic genomes or synthetic cells may be used for a variety of purposes, including the generation of synthetic fuels, such as hydrogen or ethanol.
但是对于与已知病原体有着同样潜在致命性的人工合成基因组来说，情况会如何呢？
But what about synthetically designed genomes that could be potentially as deadly as known pathogens?
在一项具体实施例中，全长的合成基因组是由化学合成的核酸组分或者其副本构建而成。
In one embodiment, the entire synthetic genome is constructed from nucleic acid components that have been chemically synthesized, or from copies of the chemically synthesized nucleic acid components.
研究人员预计，将来，定制的合成基因组可用来产生生物燃料、医药品或其它有用的化学制品。
In the future, researchers envision synthetic genomes that are custom-built to generate biofuels, pharmaceuticals or other useful chemicals.
文特尔成立了用于商业用途的合成基因组学公司(SGI)，旨在解决全球性问题，如对化石燃料的依赖，环境退化和疾病流行。
Venter starts the for-profit Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI) to work on solving global problems, such as fossil-fuel dependence, environmental degradation and disease epidemics.
这些基因组合成之后，第一步就是移植到另一个没有基因组的细胞里。
After these genomes are synthesized, the first step is just transplanting them into a cell without a genome.
这些基因组是合成生物的原料。
想像一下，比如让合成生物学利用今年早些时候描述出的尼安德特人的基因组。
Imagine, say, allying synthetic biology with the genome of Neanderthal man that was described earlier this year.
那是克雷格•温特尔（Craig Venter）宣布世界上第一个完全合成的生物体基因组——JCVI-syn1.0诞生的日子。
That was the day when Craig Venter announced JCVI-syn1.0, the world’s first living organism with a completely synthetic genome.
借助计算机代码和四瓶化学品，文特尔的实验室通过合成和组装，创造了最大的人造dna结构，即细菌582970 -碱基对的基因组。
Using a computer code and four bottles of chemicals, Venter's lab creates the largest man-made DNA structure by synthesizing and assembling the 582,970-base-pair genome of a bacterium.
现在的科技可以随意合成冗长的DNA链，这意味着我们已经能够复制病毒的基因组，而细菌基因组的复制也指日可待。
The ability to synthesise huge screeds of DNA at will means the genomes of viruses can be replicated already, and replicating those of bacteria is not far off.
这些基因组是合成生物的原材料、首先，这些基因组能让人们从微观原子的角度了解生物体的构成。
These genomes are the raw material for synthetic biology. First, they will provide an understanding of how biology works right down to the atomic level.
溃疡分枝杆菌基因组测序已导致鉴定生成细菌内酯的基因，揭示细菌内酯是如何合成的。
Sequencing the M. ulcerans genome has led to the identification of the genes that produce mycolactone, revealing how mycolactone is synthesized.
他们都是核糖核酸病毒(RNA病毒)，这就说明了他们不能轻易地将他们的遗传物质转化成dna，这是一个整合成动物基因组的必要步骤。
All are RNA viruses, which means they can't easily convert their genetic material into DNA, a necessary step for integrating into an animal's genome.
然而当年，当研究人员试图将合成的细菌基因组移植出酵母到受体细菌细胞时，所有的实验均告失败。
However, when the team attempted to transplant the synthetic bacterial genome out of yeast into a recipient bacterial cell, all the experiments failed.
这些蛋白的角色是阅读基因组并转化为合成各种各样分子（正是这些分子组成、控制细胞）的指令；
The role of these proteins is to read the genome and translate it into instructions for the synthesis of the various molecules that compose and control the cell.
2003年，大约同时，他合成了一种只有11条基因病毒，Phi - X174，的基因组。
Around the same time, in 2003, he synthesised the genome of a virus, Phi-X174, which has a mere 11 genes.
在三月下旬，合成体基因组开始制造一个新型的细胞。
In late March, the synthetic genome started to produce a new form of cells.
科学家们将实验室化学物质作为脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）的基因块串列在一起，从而合成出了基因组。
The scientists assembled the synthetic genome by stringing together chemicals that are the building blocks of DNA.
三年前他第一个用常规的化学药品合成了活性病毒(一种寄生在细菌而不是人类的病毒)。现在他细菌的基因组进入了他的视线。
Three years ago he made the first viable synthetic virus from off-the-shelf chemicals. (it is a parasite of bacteria, not humans.) Now he has a bacterial genome in his sights.
根据已报道的马铃薯卷叶病毒基因组序列，设计合成一对特异性引物。
Based on the reported genomic RNA sequence of PLRV, two specific primers were synthesized.
毫无疑问，目前生物技术领域内的“常规武器”是基因工程，而新型“武器”将是对整个基因组进行改造的合成生物学技术。
Now that genetic engineering has become routine in the biotech world, the new scientific attraction is synthetic biology that can change entire genomes.
Venter博士估计他可以从零做起，在两年内合成一个可以工作的细菌基因组。
Dr Venter reckons he will be able to synthesise a working bacterial genome from scratch within two years.
去年出现了一种实时的基于光学的观察法，可以通过直接观察基因合成来展示基因组信息。
A newer method which has emerged in the past year USES real-time, light-based observations of gene synthesis to reveal genomic information.
去年出现了一种实时的基于光学的观察法，可以通过直接观察基因合成来展示基因组信息。
A newer method which has emerged in the past year USES real-time, light-based observations of gene synthesis to reveal genomic information.
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