最近发现：尽管碎石技术有所进步，在经皮肾镜取石术中出血仍是引起患者死亡的原因。
Recent findings: Despite advances in lithotripsy technology, bleeding continues to be a cause of patient morbidity in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
评论目的：由于泌尿外科医师需要长期依靠经皮肾镜取石术，对于相关的出血风险及其处理的清楚了解是必要的。
Purpose of review: as urologists will continue to rely on percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a clear understanding of its associated bleeding risks and management is mandatory.
前言：目的探讨经皮肾穿取石术中通过简单精确的定位建立手术通道的方法。
Objective: to study a way with simple and accurate localization in establishing a channel of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
方法分析236例微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的配合及护理经验。
Methods Retrospective summarized the nursing and cooperation points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy among 236 patients.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发症的发生情况及处理措施。
Objective To evaluate the occurrence and management of complications following minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (MPCNL).
目的探讨微创经皮肾穿刺取石(MPCNL)术中肾盂内压变化对术后并发症的影响。
Objective By monitoring the renal pelvic pressure during MPCNL via different size percutaneous tracts, inspected its influence to postoperative complications.
目的探讨输尿管镜取石术（URL）及微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。
To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.
目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。
Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.
目的探讨无管化微造瘘经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾和输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性，评估无管化微创手术的优势。
Objective to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of tubeless mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PNL) in the treatment of renal or upper ureteral calculi.
微创经皮肾穿刺取石术；输尿管镜；上尿路结石。
Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Ureteroscopy; Upper urinary tract calculi.
方法对120例复杂型上尿路多发性结石患者采用输尿管镜取石联合经皮肾穿刺取石术进行治疗。
Methods To evaluate the effect of 120 cases of the complex upper urinary calculus treated by URL and PCNL.
目的探讨经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜取石术的有效配合及护理要点。
Objective To study the nursing points of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
肾结石；输尿管结石；经皮肾镜取石术；并发症；处理。
Kidney calculi; Ureteral calculi; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Complication; Treatment.
方法采用微创经皮肾输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾输尿管结石83例(A组)，并与采用体外冲击波碎石术治疗肾输尿管结石188例(B组)进行比较。
Method: to treat 83 cases of kidney and ureter calculus by Minimally invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Group a), and compared with 188 cases of Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (Group b).
前言：目的：探讨侧卧位在经皮肾穿刺取石术中的应用价值。
Objective: to study the value of lateral position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
加强微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾铸型结石病人的护理是手术成功的保证。
Conclusion: To strengthen nursing care of patients with solitary kidney cast mould stone treated by micro-invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the assurance for a successful operation.
术前、术中彻底清创受区，切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面，处理血管危象。
The wound was done debridement before and during operation. The anterolateral thigh flap was cut with vascular anastomosis to repair wound.
结论经皮肾镜取石术式中输尿管逆行插管失败有主、客原因。
Conclusions There are subjective and objective reasons for the failure of retrograde intubation in PCNL.
方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年1月收治53例微创经皮肾取石术严重出血的临床资料。
Methods 53 cases of severe hemorrhage during or after MPCNL from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.
目的评价超声引导下标准经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效和治疗经验。
ObjectivesTo present the clinic efficacy and our experience with PCNL under B-type ultrasound guidance in the treatment of calculus in upper urinary.
目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石取石术的手术护理，以提高手术护理质量。
Objective: to investigate the operative nurse of minimally invasive percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), and to improve the quality of the nursing.
目的比较微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗孤立肾与非孤立肾肾结石的安全性和有效性。
Objective to compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of renal calculi with solitary kidney and without solitary kidney.
术中切取皮瓣大小、形状和受区相同，深筋膜保持完整，包堆包扎。术后2～3周拆线。
The size and shape of the skin flaps were taken according to that of the recipient area with intact deep fascia, the donor area being treated with compressive dressing.
术中切取皮瓣大小、形状和受区相同，深筋膜保持完整，包堆包扎。术后2～3周拆线。
The size and shape of the skin flaps were taken according to that of the recipient area with intact deep fascia, the donor area being treated with compressive dressing.
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