干细胞研究虽然尚未取得成果，但人们却认为前景很好。其它的研究还包括了光反应蛋白质和视网膜移植。
Stem cell research is considered promising, although far from producing results, and other studies involve a light-responding protein and retinal transplants.
在病毒感染的反应中，老鼠的免疫系统通常会产生抗体，通过与病毒表面的蛋白质结合来破坏病毒。
In response to viral infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface.
它是一种蛋白质，一种特殊的蛋白质，可以加速化学反应。
It's a protein, a specific kind of protein, one that speeds up chemical reactions.
另一种蛋白质与抗 laminB抗体反应，位于滋养核中。
The other protein reacts with anti-lamin B antibody and is situated in the macronucleus.
他们也可以像蛋白质一样催化反应。
在活细胞里催化化学反应的蛋白质。
A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions in living cells.
当注入人体时，介质本身或其蛋白质亚基会引发很强的免疫反应从而避免对同种介质的进一步感染。
When injected into humans, the agent itself or its protein subunits, will elicit a strong immune response, which will be protective against further infection from that agent.
一方面猫的蛋白质导致过敏反应，让人体生出一种叫免疫球蛋白E的抗体。
The cat protein, on the one hand, causes an allergic reaction, making the body produce an antibody called immunoglobulin E.
其它的技术着力于延迟失明。有一种技术是将胶囊植入眼中，胶囊释放出的蛋白质可以缓解光反应细胞的衰退。
Other techniques focus on delaying blindness, including one involving a capsule implanted in the eye to release proteins that slow the decay of light-responding cells.
在蛋白质到达后，这些突触失去了对到来的信息反应的能力，导致记忆丧失。
After the proteins have attached, the synapses lose their capacity to respond to incoming information, resulting in memory loss.
同样的，抗体、蛋白质或药物可以用来改变这种免疫反应。
Here again, antibodies, proteins or drugs can be used to modify this immune response.
“我们惊讶地得到了死亡受体，它不会对任何激素产生反应，因为以前那些同样的状态在蛋白质中只存在很短的时间。”桑顿说道。
"We were surprised to get a dead receptor that wouldn't respond to any hormones, because those same states had existed in the protein a relatively short time before," says Thornton.
他说，假如这些病毒利用了跟痘苗一样的蛋白复合物，那么研究人员或许能够通过阻断两种蛋白质的反应来抗击这些感染。
Assuming they utilize the same protein complex as vaccinia, he says, researchers may be able to fight these infections by blocking the interaction of the two proteins.
通过使用这种成像技术，研究人员发现TLR4蛋白质遇到来自大肠杆菌的脂多糖时会聚集在细胞膜内，提高细胞发出信号和反应的能力。
Using the techniques they developed, researchers discovered that TLR4 proteins cluster in the membrane when confronted with LPS derived from E.coli, which increases cell signalling and response.
而对牛奶过敏是指免疫系统对牛奶蛋白质有异常反应。
With a cow's-milk allergy, the immune system has an abnormal reaction to milk protein.
中性蛋白酶- 1基因发出的强烈工作暗示使得蛋白质对神经肽产生反应。
A strong hint of how they work comes from the npr-1 gene, which makes a protein that responds to neuropeptides.
麸质是一种蛋白质，它是小麦和其它谷物的主要成分，对麸质不正常的免疫反应则是麸质不耐症的最终病因。
Gluten intolerance is caused by an abnormal immune response to gluten, the major protein in wheat and some other grains.
整个过程中，许多叫做酶的蛋白质对反应起到催化作用。
The whole process also involves a lot of proteins called enzymes to act as catalysts to the reactions.
更重要的是，他们已经表明，这些氨基酸可以相互反应，形成与通常维持三维形状的蛋白质不同的化学键。
What's more, they've shown that these amino acids can react with each other to form a different kind of chemical bond to those which usually hold proteins together in their three-dimensional shape.
硫酸乙酰肝素是肝磷脂的前体，是重要的抗凝剂，目前只能从血液中提取，从未成功合成提取过，它并不是蛋白质，而是一种富硫似糖的分子，经常参与糖基化反应。
This is a precursor to heparin, an important anti-clotting agent that has, at present, to be extracted from blood, rather than being synthesised. Heparan sulphate is not a protein.
这是作为叶子中蛋白质和糖分之间复杂反应的结果而产生的一种色素。
A pigment produced as a result of a complex reaction between proteins and sugars in the leaf.
作为对病毒感染自然防御的部分，人类细胞的蛋白质会锁住dsRNA，引发级联反应，以阻止病毒的自我复制。
As part of their natural defenses against viral infection, human cells have proteins that latch onto dsRNA, setting off a cascade of reactions that prevents the virus from replicating itself.
这种LINCs（RNA）将蛋白质运输到一个关键基因簇，并帮助细胞控制管理诸如免疫反应，肿瘤生长，肥胖细胞及干细胞的生成等事务。
The molecule delivers proteins to a crucial cluster of genes and helps regulate immune response, cancer growth, and fat and stem-cell production, among other things.
好的，我们相信，它是身体对一些外源蛋白质所做出的反应。
So, how do those antibodies arrive?Well, we believe that it's some foreign protein that the body is reacting to. See,that's what antibodies are for.
这么多交叉反应的例子提出了另一个问题：为什么Betv1会导致对Mald 1蛋白质的过敏，反过来Mal d 1却不会导致Bet v 1过敏？
These numerous examples of cross-reactions raise another question: why does Bet v 1 cause an allergy to the Mal d 1 protein but not the other way around?
她现在从事的事情: 这些天，威尔斯曼在进行她的生物化学博士的研究项目，研究酶的进化——就是不同的蛋白质如何获得不同反应的特异性，这是第五年了。
evolution—that is, how different proteins achieve specificity for different reactions.
氨基酸(组成蛋白质的基本单位)和肌氨酸(瘦肉中的天然化合物)在高温时产生反应，导致杂环胺的形成。
They're formed when amino acids (the building blocks of protein) and creatine (a natural compound found in muscle meats) react at high temperatures.
改为——问题是抗体能识别和做出反应的分子是像蛋白质这样的大分子，这也是细菌，病毒和其他致病原的特征。
The problem is that the molecules antibodies recognise and react to are the big ones, such as proteins, that are characteristic of bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents.
改为——问题是抗体能识别和做出反应的分子是像蛋白质这样的大分子，这也是细菌，病毒和其他致病原的特征。
The problem is that the molecules antibodies recognise and react to are the big ones, such as proteins, that are characteristic of bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents.
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