城市化率与农村居民消费之间存在双向因果关系。
There is a bidirectional causality from the urbanized rate to the consumption of rural households.
面板数据因果检验表明中国东部FDI和GDP之间存在显著的双向因果关系，GDP对出口也存在单向因果关系。
The panel data causality results reveal that GDP has unidirectional effects on exports directly, and there also exists bidirectional causality between GDP and FDI for the group.
根据市场结构-厂商行为-产业绩效之间双向的、动态的因果关系，分析影响产业绩效的结构性因素。
Based on the bidirectional dynamic causality among market structure, enterprise behavior and industry performance, this paper analyzes the structure factors which influence the industry performance.
自我表露与主观幸福感间的因果关系是双向的。
Self-disclosure and subjective well-being of the causal relationship is a two-way.
研究认为，我国能源消费是关于经济增长的内生变量，两者之间存在着双向的因果关系；
Papers holds the view that China's energy consumption is an endogenous variable on the economic growth, there is a two-way causation between them;
研究认为，我国能源消费是关于经济增长的内生变量，两者之间存在着双向的因果关系；
Papers holds the view that China's energy consumption is an endogenous variable on the economic growth, there is a two-way causation between them;
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