考虑的完美的原子晶体，绝对零度下。
Let's consider a perfect atomic crystal at essentially zero degrees Kelvin. Zero Kelvin.
比方说是原子晶体。
研究多原子晶体中强耦合表面极化子的性质。
The properties of strong coupling surface polaron in a polyatomic crystals was studied.
研究多原子晶体中极化子光学声子平均数的性质。
In this paper, the properties of the mean number of optical phonons of the polaron in a polyatomic crystals are studied.
如果你有原子晶体，它的声振动遍布不同可能的波长范围，频率都不高。
If you have an atomic crystal, it just has the sound vibrations at all the different wavelengths that are available. They're never very high.
差值结构是为了便于用直接法求解含重原子晶体结构而引进的一种经过数学加工的结构。
Difference structures are structures subjected to certain mathematical processing, they are introduced for the convenience of solving heavy-atom-containing structures by direct methods.
原子晶体管的工作方式就像它名字所示的那样，是通过移动该元件内部的单个原子进行工作的。
The atomic transistor works, as its name suggests, by shuffling individual atoms around within the device.
Mizuta博士和Hasegawa博士选择了二者的混合，因为原子晶体管比NEMS更加小巧，这样节省的空间就会消除二者的混合的尴尬。
Dr Mizuta and Dr Hasegawa have opted for a mixture, because atomic transistors are much smaller than NEMS ones, and the saving of space outweighs the awkwardness of mixing them together.
在诸如盐、糖与钻石之类的熟悉常见晶体中，这些成分就是原子或分子。
In familiar crystals, such as salt, sugar and diamonds, these elements are atoms or molecules.
第一步策略是一个在芯片产业上普遍使用的技术，叫做“掺杂”，就是在半导体晶体中加入其它元素的原子。
Their first strategy is a technique, common in chip manufacturing, called doping, in which atoms of some other element are added to a semiconductor crystal.
当氮原子与碳晶体中的空心点相邻时，氮元素会产生特定的电子，这些电子可以移动到那个空心点里。
When a nitrogen atom sits next to a vacant spot in the carbon crystal, the intruding element provides an extra electron that moves into the hole.
量子点是一些微型晶体，材质为几十个原子宽，或几纳米(一米的十亿分之一)宽的半导体材料。
Quantum dots are tiny crystals of semiconducting material just a few tens of atoms, or a few nanometres (billionths of a metre), across.
那么每个原子，或者说对于分子晶体，每个分子，他们都处于基态。
So every atom. Or even if it's a molecular crystal, every molecule, they're all in the ground state.
新方法使用带电的原子束来演示晶体序列。
The new approach USES beams of electrically charged atoms to perform the crystal alignment.
金属是由原子整齐排列的晶体组成。
Metals are composed of crystals that have their atoms lined up in neat rows.
而最新的晶体管体积很小，掺杂沟道时只需在硅中置入少量掺杂原子。
The latest devices, though, are so small that doping their channels involves placing just a handful of dopant atoms among the silicon.
由于固体的导电性能由其晶体结构所决定，Kanatzidis博士团队于是实验新的原子晶格。
Since the electrical properties of solids depend on their crystal structures, his group is experimenting with new atomic lattices.
他们取了个晶体，一个具有规则原子平面的，镍晶体，这些面间距差不多也是一埃或者更少，它们放射出X射线。
They took a crystal, this is a single crystal of nickel that has regular planes of atoms, and those planes are spaced on the order of an angstrom or less apart, and they irradiated this with x-rays.
把碳原子排列得非常整齐，而形成晶体结构的钻石。
The carbon atoms then neatly arranged themselves into the crystalline structure of a diamond.
我们已经可以使计算机在单碘分子和由几种原子组成的晶体管上运行，那么为什么不利用微小的DNA链来创建电子部件呢？
We’ve got computers that run on a single iodine molecule and transistors made of just a handful of atoms, so why not create electronic components out of tiny strands of DNA?
但这一思路也迫使联盟去处理由晶体管体积变小引发的第二个问题：在错误的位置有过多或过少的原子。
But this approach also forces the consortium to tackle the second problem raised by the continual shrinkage of transistors: too many or too few atoms in the wrong places.
晶体中这两个相分子，或者原子的相互作用是不一样的。
And the crystal, the interactions between molecules or the atoms in the crystal are different in the two phases.
如果出现了过多错误种类的原子，事情也一样糟糕，会影响到晶体管的导电性能。
Too many atoms of the wrong sort, though, can be equally bad, interfering with a transistor's conductivity.
这意味着它们有更大几率相遇，因而多余的原子能填补空洞，恢复晶体结构。
This means there is a greater chance of their meeting one another, allowing an extra atom to fill a hole and restore the crystal structure.
构成晶体管的硅常常要和其他原子掺杂以改变其导电性能。
The silicon of which transistors are made is frequently doped with other elements, to affect its electrical properties.
最近对于夸克-夸克晶体管的研究取得了一些积极的进展并有可能将某些特别构建的原子用作交换机。
The recent research in quark-quark transistors, shows some promise and may allow specially built atoms to be used as switches.
化学元素的各种原子排列方式造就了矿物千差万别的晶体结构和形状。
What makes minerals special is the way that the atoms of those elements are arranged in lattices which create unique crystalline structures and shapes.
列维和他的同事们用原子力显微镜和两片绝缘体（镧氧化铝和锶钛氧化物），研制出了一枚纳米晶体管。
Using an atomic force microscope and two layers of insulators (lanthanum aluminum oxide and strontium titanium oxide), Levy and his colleagues created a nanoscale transistor.
列维和他的同事们用原子力显微镜和两片绝缘体（镧氧化铝和锶钛氧化物），研制出了一枚纳米晶体管。
Using an atomic force microscope and two layers of insulators (lanthanum aluminum oxide and strontium titanium oxide), Levy and his colleagues created a nanoscale transistor.
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