假如膜外表设置有压索或脊索，那么最佳使裁剪缝与压索或脊索重合，使索不至于打乱焊缝的图画安置。
If the film surface is provided with a press cable or notochord, then make the best cut and sew with pressure cable or notochord coincide, the cable without interrupting the weld picture placement.
合理的人工压裂造缝规模应控制在井距的一半以内。
Rational fracturing scale of artificial fracturing shall be controlled within the half of well spacing.
高耸建筑的水平环缝和竖向裂缝、钢筋砼柱的水平裂缝以及压溃破坏等震害现象，可以归结为地震竖向分量的作用；
The horizontal annular and vertical crack of the high buildings, along with the horizontal crack and the crush of RC column can be due to the vertical seismic component action.
本文给出了一种新的水力压裂裂缝的缝中温度计算公式。
In this paper, a new formula for calculating the temperature in hydraulic fractures is given.
水力压裂所形成的垂直裂缝高度，对于计算缝长和缝宽有重要作用。
Vertical fracture height from hydraulic fracturing is very important for calculating fracture length and width.
酸滤失是制约酸蚀缝长延伸的重要因素之一，滤失控制是深穿透酸压工艺成功与否的关键所在。
Acid filtration is one of the major factors that restrict the growth of acid etched fractures and filtration control is the key to deep penetrating acid fracturing technology.
目的研究出一种直接求取水力压裂支撑缝长、宽及高的综合方法。
PurposeTo study an integrated method to calculate length, width is and height of the propped fracture directly.
油井射孔段天然缝产状、发育程度、水平应力大小直接影响着压裂施工压力。
Strike - dip, development degree and horizontal stress of the natural fracture in oil well perforated intervals affects operated fracturing pressure directly.
结果表明：缝宽随输出功率、频率、脉宽及辅助氧压的增大而增加，随着切割速度的增加而减小。
The results show that the kerf width increases with the increase of laser power, pulse frequency, pulse width and assist gas pressure, but decreases with the increase of cutting speed.
与前人水平缝压裂产率比电模拟实验曲线进行比较，提出了本文方法的适用范围。
A comparison with the electric analog modeling curves gives the conditions under which the presented formulas in this paper can be applied.
该压裂液配制简单，不需要杀菌剂和破胶剂，具有流变性能好、造缝与携砂能力强、对地层伤害小、使用方便等优点。
Other advantages of it are good rheological property, strong fracture making ability and sand carrying capacity, and little damage to formation, etc.
天然缝发育特征、现今应力场特征不但决定了水力缝分布特征，而且直接影响着压裂施工；
The influence of the natural fracture and the nowaday earth stress field on the hydraulic fractures was analyzed emphatically.
数值模拟结果表明，水力割缝技术可达到使近井地带充分卸压的目的。
The results of numeral simulation show the hydraulic cutting techniques can reach the purpose to unload the zones near the well bore sufficiently.
配套应用粉陶降滤和控制缝高等技术优化了水力压裂工艺。
Hydraulic fracturing technology is optimized using the technique of filtration reducing by fine pottery clays and fracture height control.
通过室内研究和现场试验，采用“悬塞”控缝、高砂比小陶粒控缝等配套技术，有效地控制了微裂缝在压裂过程中的影响，提高了压裂成功率。
After office study and field experiment, using suspend plug and high sand concentration with little ceramsite to control fracture, advanced fracturing success ratio.
低渗油藏存在压裂缝、天然开启缝、注水诱导缝、开启的天然闭合缝等多种裂缝。
There exist many fractures in a low permeability reservoir, such as fracturing fractures, naturally opened fractures, water-injection induced fractures and opening naturally sealed fractures.
海拉尔油田布达特群储层压裂裂缝较窄，缝高不易控制，压裂成功率较低。
There are some problems for fracturing, such as narrow induced fracture, uncontrollable fracture height and low success rate in Budate Group reservoir of Hailaer Oilfield.
现场实验表明，清洁压裂液具有破胶性能，施工摩阻低，携砂能力强，可有效地控制缝高。
Field using verified that the fluid possesses good gel breaking property, the operating friction value is low, the proppant carrying ability is strong and fracture length is in control.
采用滤失速度与滤失时间的平方根成反比的经典滤失理论计算水平缝中受净压力影响的压裂液滤失速度会带来较大误差。
Classic filtration theory will cause bigger errors to calculate filtration rate of fracturing fluid influenced by net pressure of horizontal fractures.
水力压裂过程中，缝内流体的流动特征对裂缝的延伸和形态具有很大的影响。
During the process, the flow character within the fracture greatly influenced on the fracture prolongation and shapes.
从下料展开尺寸的计算、裁剪、直缝焊接、整圆、压装、环缝焊接、检漏等都有一定的技术难度。
Size is expected to start from the calculation, cutting, straight seam welding, the whole round, press-fit, girth welding, leak detection, have a certain degree of technical difficulty.
对割缝衬管在防砂井中受外挤力作用进行了分析，计算了井底压力（包括流体流经砾石层和割缝衬管的压降） ，建立了衬管割缝参数与割缝条幅弯曲强度及刚度之间的关系式。
The pressure of slotted pipes in a sandy well was analyzed. The bottom hole pressure was computed. A model for computing the bending strength and stiffness of a slotted pipe was proposed.
从岩石破坏基本机制入手，研究重复压裂造缝机理。
The fracture initiation mechanism of refracturing was investigated by discussing rock failures.
监测资料分析结果表明：导致面板水平施工缝挤压破损的直接原因是面板水平缝缝面压应力过大和结构上的缺陷；
The results of monitoring data show that the excess stress and structural defects are the direct causes for the crushing and breaking of horizontal construction joints.
本文研究成果完善了缝洞型储层酸压改造中起裂机理的基础理论，对酸压设计和现场施工具有较好的指导意义。
Through the research, this paper will enrich the theory of acid fracturing, guiding the design and exploring the fractured-vuggy carbonate resource.
黑色硬件，两跟压皮提手，上有皮革线缝装饰。
Black lacquered finish hardware. Two rolled leather handles with large leather stitching on seam.
对附带亲水层和没有附带亲水层的开缝翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的空气侧特性进行了实验研究，分析了亲水层对空气侧换热和压降特性的影响。
Air side heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of slotted fin surfaces with arc-type and X-type strip arrangement in a pressurizing air cooler were studied by visualization experiments.
对附带亲水层和没有附带亲水层的开缝翅片管换热器在析湿工况下的空气侧特性进行了实验研究，分析了亲水层对空气侧换热和压降特性的影响。
Air side heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of slotted fin surfaces with arc-type and X-type strip arrangement in a pressurizing air cooler were studied by visualization experiments.
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