该小说蒙着一层悲剧色彩，表现了一种宿命论的历史哲学观，一个在现代主义小说中常见的主题——人的一切努力都是徒劳，社会的进步只是一个虚幻。

A tinge of a tragic historical philosophy of determinism, a theme common in modernist fiction, can be perceived: man's every effort is futile, and any progress in society is merely an illusion.

youdao

因此，如果，把以认识一切事物之必然性为其课题的历史哲学，斥为宿命论，那就错了。

There is nothing therefore more mistaken than the charge of blind fatalism made against the Philosophy of History, when it takes for its problem to understand the necessity of every event.

youdao

因此，如果，把以认识一切事物之必然性为其课题的历史哲学，斥为宿命论，那就错了。

There is nothing therefore more mistaken than the charge of blind fatalism made against the Philosophy of History, when it takes for its problem to understand the necessity of every event.

youdao