论文的第五章探索如何进行公共危机决策责任制度建设。
The last chapter explores how to build the system of investigating and affixing the responsibility for public crisis decision-making mechanism.
此次演习以危机决策与处置为基本课题，采取角色扮演、多方对抗的方法进行。
The exercise took the decision-making and handling of the crises as the basic subject, and was carried out by way of roll-play and multilateral confrontations.
而作为公共危机管理关键环节的公共危机决策，其机制的建立更为紧迫、更为重要。
As its key link, the building of public crisis decision-making mechanism is more urgent and important.
危机管理就是通过危机监测、危机预控、危机决策和危机处理，达到避免、减少危机产生的危害的目的。
The crisis management is through crisis monitoring, crisis advance controlling, crisis planning and crisis treatment to avoid or minimize the harms caused by crisis.
网络危机信息具有隐蔽程度高、获取渠道分散、积聚性、难辩识等特点，直接影响了企业危机预警的效果与危机决策。
The network crisis information have the characteristics of high degree of hiding, dispersion source, gathering and difficult to identify.
面对日益增多的公共危机事件，如何在“危机”中寻求“生机”与“转机”，这是危机决策与大众传媒两者必须要回答的问题。
Faced with the growing number of public crisis, how to seek the "vital force" and "turning point" in the "public crisis", is the question both crisis decisions and mass media have to answer.
除非其决策机构有大调整或德国一改态度，否则欧洲不会遏制这场危机。
Europe will not stem this crisis unless its decision-making apparatus is overhauled and Germany radically changes its tune.
通常人们都认为“高层决策英明”和“公司治理有序”这类口号没有实际意义；但在危机当中，这些话听起来既顺耳又有力。
The "right tone at the top" and "good governance." Although these phrases are often brushed off as meaningless, in the midst of crisis, these phrases sound both sweet and powerful.
国际方面在应对这些危机时决策错误，没有将预算投入社会部门，尤其是卫生和教育部门。
In the international response to these crises, mistakes were made when budgets were shifted away from investments in the social sectors, most notably health and education.
对于那些前高管，他们的错误决策让这个行业陷入了危机，他们的奖金可谓名不正言不顺，但要收回这些奖金同样不可取。
So too are attempts to claw back bonuses, however undeserved, from those former executives whose decisions landed the industry in such trouble.
迄今为止的这场危机中，决策者处在“曲线图表的后面”，Geithner先生本周承认，他依然再次未能超越这点。
So far in this crisis, policymaking has been "behind the curve", Mr Geithner acknowledged this week. Yet again he failed to get ahead of it.
尽管决策者们对这场危机的反应速度和决策水平值得称颂，但就此得出他们已经彻底挣脱经济危机的结论还为时过早。
Although policymakers deserve credit for the speed and scale of their response to the crisis, it is too soon to conclude that they have broken with the past.
不过，决策者们对于什么才是解决危机的最佳方案存有分歧。
However, there are divisions among policymakers about the best way to resolve the crisis.
使经济陷入危机状态的并非是疾病、战争或选举，而是金融中心体系的失败借贷决策以及银行的过大金融杠杆作用共同作用的结果。
It was not a disease or a war or an election that plunged the economy into crisis, but a combination of bad lending decisions and the excessive leverage of Banks at the heart of the financial system.
在目前的危机中，决策者以先进的各种原因而使用资本注入和资产收购以保持金融机构运作而不是去关闭他们。
In the current crisis, policymakers have advanced a variety of reasons for using capital injections and asset purchases to keep financial institutions going rather than shutting them down.
他们竭力将危机置于掌控之中，不仅是迫于危机蔓延的速度，还因为决策者和他们所服务的公众完全无法不了解这场危机的辐射范围和严重程度。
They have struggled to gain control not just because of the speed of contagion but also because policymakers, and the public they serve, have failed fully to grasp the breadth and depth of the crisis.
目前这场危机的全球化性质让人们明白到，欧洲必须能够迅速一致地决策，否则将造成相当不利的后果。
The global nature of the current crisis makes it plain that Europe must be able to decide quickly and coherently, or suffer adverse consequences.
这双重危机会对经济增长起多大的阻碍作用？经济决策者应该如何应对它们？
How much of a setback to growth do these twin crises represent? And how should economic policymakers react to them?
在对主权债务危机的回应中，欧洲的决策人更倾向于喜欢玩具枪。
In their response to the sovereign-debt crisis, Europe's policymakers have tended to favour the peashooter.
经济学人- - -信贷危机爆发一年以后，决策者费劲心思考虑如何避免另一场信贷危机。
A YEAR after the credit crisis exploded, policymakers are scrabbling for ideas on how to prevent another one.
决策者正慢慢地开始应对这一危机。
对于美国的决策者来说，当他们面临由不动产破产引发的信用危机时，日本是一个教训，让我们学习那些事情是不能做的。
For US policymakers, Japan is the case study in what not to do when a credit bubble is followed by a real estate bust.
日本的决策者们担心，如果日本无法在出现危机时向美国提供帮助，则美国国会可能终有一天会想知道，到底为什么美国人必须做出那么多的承诺去保卫日本。
Japanese policymakers worry that if Japan cannot come to America's help in a crisis, Congress might one day wonder why on earth Americans should be committing so much to defend Japan.
用如此低的代价能够解决如此巨大的危机，这说明了三件事：决策者比前任更聪明；他们的数据还不完全；或者他们太乐观了。
That so huge a crisis might be resolved at such a low price suggests three things: policymakers have been smarter than their predecessors; their numbers are incomplete; or they are too optimistic.
他们必须从根本上进行重组，采用全新的管理来重新检讨带来危机的那些决策，并为未来做出可行性的规划。
They had to fundamentally reorganize, with new management that would reexamine the decisions that led to this mess and chart a path toward viability.
研究可以为与经济危机、地震和其它灾害作斗争的决策者、救助机构和其它机构提供宝贵的经验教训。
The research could offer valuable lessons for policy makers, relief organizations and others as they grapple with economic distress, earthquakes and other disasters.
美国目前处于数年内最严重的能源危机之中，我们的最高决策者做出了什么重大决定？
America is in the midst of its worst energy crisis in years and what is the big decision our Decider has decided?
美国目前处于数年内最严重的能源危机之中，我们的最高决策者做出了什么重大决定？
America is in the midst of its worst energy crisis in years and what is the big decision our Decider has decided?
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