卡片标记有几项开销——卡片映射所需的额外空间、对每一个指针存储所做的额外工作，以及在垃圾收集时做的额外工作。
There are several costs to card marking - additional space for the card map, additional work to be done on each pointer store, and additional work to be done at garbage collection time.
对每一个非初始化堆指针存储，卡片标记算法可以只增加两到三个机器指令，并要求在小的收集时对所有脏卡片上的对象进行扫描。
Card marking algorithms can add as little as two or three machine instructions per non-initializing heap pointer store, and entails scanning any objects on dirty CARDS at minor collection time.
SunJDK使用一种称为卡片标记（card marking）算法的改进算法以标识对老一代对象的字段中包含的指针的修改。
The Sun JDKs use an optimized variant of an algorithm called card marking to identify modifications to pointers held in fields of old-generation objects.
最好的做法是计算一下栏1到6中的每张卡片，然后将识别标记添加到栏73到80上。
The best practice was to number each card in columns 1 to 6, and add an identification mark on columns 73 to 80.
这些照片贴在卡片上，标记好放在房间里。
在垃圾收集时，就对与老一代中卡片相关联的标记位进行检查，对脏的卡片扫描以寻找对年轻代有引用的对象。
At garbage collection time, the mark bits associated with CARDS in the old generation are examined, and dirty CARDS are scanned for objects containing references into the younger generation.
在垃圾收集时，就对与老一代中卡片相关联的标记位进行检查，对脏的卡片扫描以寻找对年轻代有引用的对象。
At garbage collection time, the mark bits associated with CARDS in the old generation are examined, and dirty CARDS are scanned for objects containing references into the younger generation.
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