即使IList接口不是协变的，一个只读列表接口也理应如此。
And while IList isn't covariant, a read-only list interface would be.
经典电磁理论是四维协变的，相对论时空概念的改变是根本性的改变。
The change of time and space concept of theory of relativity is right-about.
通过严格求解广义协变的电子运动方程，讨论了强激光等离子体中自由电子的经典行为。
The classical behavior of a free electron in a strong laser plasma is discussed by solving the generally-covariant equation of motion for an electron.
在严格定义四维“形变事件”后，弹簧的形变—弹力方程被表达成完全协变的四维矢量方程。
By defining four dimensional 'deformation event', the spring's equation about deformation and elasticity becomes perfect covariant 4-vector one.
在广义协变的伦敦方程基础上讨论了超导体的电动力学特性，并由此建立起超导体的电磁波动方程。
Based on the generalized London theory, this paper discusses the electrodynamics of superconductor, and further establishes the corresponding electromagnetic wave equation.
在泛型接口或委托中，如果类型形参仅用作方法返回类型，而不用于方法实参，则可声明为协变的。
A type can be declared contravariant in a generic interface or delegate if it is used only as a type of method arguments and not used as a method return type.
另一方面，泛型不是协变的，List不是List的子类型，试图在要求List的位置提供List是一个类型错误。
On the other hand, generics are not covariant; List is not a subtype of List, and attempting to supply a List where a List is demanded is a type error.
尽管这些接口表面上看起来是如此稀松平常，但是它们却暴露出关于向后兼容性、互操作性、以及协变的作用等相当复杂的故事。
While these interfaces are quite humble on the surface, they expose the rather complex story of backwards compatibility, interoperability, and the role of covariance.
但是如果ln是li的别名，那么这就破坏了蕴含在li定义中的类型安全承诺——它是一个整数列表，这就是泛型类型不能协变的原因。
But if ln were aliased with li, then it would break the type-safety promise implicit in the definition of li — that it is a list of integers, which is why generic types cannot be covariant.
协变和逆变的区别对于张量的计算尤为重要，这往往会出现混合方差。
The distinction between covariance and contravariance is important for computations with tensors, which often have mixed variance.
通配符在类型系统中的作用部分来自其不会发生协变（covariant）这一特性。
The utility of wildcards in the type system comes partially from the fact that generic types are not covariant.
最后就是对协变和逆变的支持了。
如果标记为out，那么接口就支持协变，并且给定的类型只能表现为一个返回类型或只读属性。
If marked as out, the interface supports co-variance and the given type can only appear as a return type or read-only property.
另一方面，引力场的能量动量又可以表示为平移规范场强的二次齐式因而在广义坐标变换下协变。
On the other hand, it can also be expressed in terms of the translation gauge field strength and therefore is covariant under general coordinate transformations.
这种分解可以给出高阶张量协变导数的另一种定义。
This decomposition may give another definition of high order tensor's covariant derivative.
本文讨论了对称张量场共形协变方程的真空解。
Vacuum solutions of conformally covariant equation for symmetric tensor field are discussed.
研究弯曲时空中平面运动刚体的动力学协变方程。
The covariant equation of plane motion body in curved space-time is studied.
这就是所谓的协变返回类型的方法。
得到了欧氏空间中，单位球面上坐标函数关于某一特定标架场的协变微分的两个等式。
We obtain two formulas about the covariant derivative of the coordinate functions on the unit sphere in Eucdidean space.
通过把高阶张量写成若干逆变和协变矢量的乘积，直接从变换入手，给出了定义高阶张量协变导数的另一种方法。
This paper discusses another way, which is rewritten as product of a few contravariant vectors and covariant vectors, to define higher order tensors covariant derivative through transformations.
如果接口具有协变类型形参，则允许其方法返回与接口类型形参指定的派生类型相比，派生程度更大的类型的实参。
An interface that has a covariant type parameter enables its methods to return more derived types than those specified by the type parameter.
上世纪末，我国音乐理论家们在固定调唱名法的基础上，设计了升、降及重升、重降音在内的三十五个唱名的协变唱名法。
In the end of last century, based on the fixed sol-fa, 35 covariant sol-fa, which includes up, down, re-up and weight down were designed by Chinese music theorists.
注意尽管上面的例子只展示了对于代理类型如何声明协变和逆变。对于接口这样做也是不难的。
Note that although the above examples show how to declare covariance and contravariance for delegate types, it's not different to do so with interfaces.
本文运用协变方法和么正方法，分别给出了W-N理论和H-N理论量子宇宙波函数的单圈修正；并且讨论两种算法的差异性及矢量-张量引力理论的可行性。
We calculated the one - loop correction of W - N theory with unitary approach and H - N theory with covariant approach, then discussed the difference between the two approaches.
研究结果表明，种间协变不仅能够反映出物种间共存的机率，而且能够反映出其相对数量变化的趋势和程度。
It reveals that the interspecific covariation can not only display the probability of species coexistence but also indicate the direction and extent to which the quantity of species changed.
采用有限温度下维数正规化的方法在任意协变规范下精确地计算了双圈QED的热力学势及其交叉发散。
The dimensional regularization at finite temperature is applied to calculate accurately the thermodynamic potential of two-loop QED and the overlapping divergences at arbitrary gauge.
在协变考虑对照组的前提下，“人性哲学量表”上的“利他”、“意志力与理性”、“独立性”几项分量表也都有显著变化。
Contrasted with the controlled group, the scores in factors of "philosophies of human nature" including altruism, independence, will power and rationality are altered significantly.
可以向协变委托分配同一类型的其他委托，但需使用派生程度较大的泛型类型参数。
A covariant delegate can be assigned another delegate of the same type, but with a more derived generic type parameter.
根据1952—2002年的统计数据，利用状态空间模型对中国电力消费与经济增长关系进行了变参数协整检验。
According to the statistic data from 1952 to 2002, the state space model is used to study the relationship between electricity consumption and China's economic growth.
根据1952—2002年的统计数据，利用状态空间模型对中国电力消费与经济增长关系进行了变参数协整检验。
According to the statistic data from 1952 to 2002, the state space model is used to study the relationship between electricity consumption and China's economic growth.
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