研究整体经济现象，包括通货膨胀，失业和经济增长。
Macroeconomics:the study of economy-wide phenomena, including inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.
她将面对阿根廷国内包括通货膨胀和能源短缺等一系列问题。
She will face difficult issues including Argentina's high inflation rates and energy shortages.
这些不断增长的投入就来自我们不断增长的纳税(还包括通货膨胀税)。
The increased money comes from our increased taxes (including the inflation tax).
实际利率(包括通货膨胀)过去两年一直为负，即使是现在，也仅仅勉强为正(见图)。
Real interest rates (ie, after allowing for inflation) have been negative for the past two years and even now are barely positive (see chart).
在移动技术行业，考虑的经济因素包括通货膨胀率，消费者的可支配收入，以及失业水平(梅拉哈等人2005，第44页)。
Within the mobile technology industry economic factors to be considered are the rate of inflation, the disposable income consumers, as well as levels of unemployment (Mellahi et al 2005, p. 44).
英禄还被问及她的竞选承诺中通货膨胀的影响，包括一月份开始，最低工资平均增长40%。
Yingluck was asked about the inflationary impact of her campaign promises, including an average 40 percent increase in the minimum wage from January.
这些政策包括抑制通货膨胀，逐步取消对石油、化肥和食品的补贴。
They include bringing inflation to heel and phasing out unsustainable subsidies for fuel, fertilizer and food.
与核心通货膨胀不同的是整体物价消费度量标准包括迅速增长的燃料费以及食品价格。
Unlike core inflation, the headline measure includes fuel costs, which rose sharply, as well as food prices.
加纳的排名下降了12位，主要原因是宏观经济情况的恶化，包括大幅增加的财政赤字，高额的公共债务以及高通货膨胀率。
Ghana's 12-place decline in the index is blamed mostly on its worsening macroeconomic situation, characterised by large fiscal deficits, rising public debt and high inflation.
一派包括德国与奥地利，由于惧怕过去恶性通货膨胀的旧事重演，担心脱离金本位制之后金融得不到稳定。
The first, including Germany and Austria, was haunted by memories of hyperinflation and fearful of the consequences for financial stability of de-linking from gold.
其中包括1980年达到的最高点14%，之后就开始抑制通货膨胀的时期，在通胀率保持在1%的水平时，物价保持稳定。
That includes the high point, in 1980, when it hit 14%, and several periods of disinflation, when inflation hovered around 1% and prices remained steady.
他说，如果通货膨胀率上升，银行将再一次加息，一些其他的中央银行，包括美国联邦储备，会有一个授权来坚持汇率和利息增长和低的通货膨胀。
If inflation rises, the bank will hike rates again, he says. Some other central Banks, including America's Federal Reserve, have a mandate to pursue both growth and low inflation.
从1950年以来，基础建设的花费迅速增长，即使把通货膨胀和人口增长包括在内（见图表）。
Spending oninfrastructure has risen steeply since the 1950s, even when inflation andpopulation growth are taken into account (see chart).
这个巨大变化其实与另一个变化伴随出现：澳大利亚经济在通货膨胀、银行利率和房价（不包括股市）的帮助下，已经使其多少避免了美国金融危机所带来的影响。
This big change coincides with another: Australia’s economy—and with it inflation, interest rates and house prices, though not the stockmarket—has decoupled from America’s.
大部分经济学家，包括美联储的经济学家在内，都说失业率至少比通货膨胀的增长率要高2.5%。
Most economists, including those at the Fed, argue that the unemployment rate is at least 2.5 percentage points above the inflation-accelerating rate.
五角大楼给出的估价要高出很多，一个原因是将所有可能发生的情况都考虑在内了，包括在整个生产周期内的发生通货膨胀的可能性。
One reason for the much higher Pentagon forecasts is that the cost is built up to include every contingency, including projecting inflation over the whole production cycle.
包括食品在内，日本消费者通货膨胀到十二月的一年之间仅为0.1%，同比十月的0.2%有所下降。
Excluding food, Japan's consumer inflation was only 0.1% in the year to December, down from 0.2% in November.
退休基金也受影响，主要是因为去年的有一段时间，有一些专门化的衍生品(包括规避通货膨胀的对冲)完全告罄。
Pension funds are being affected too, mainly because some specialised derivatives, including certain types of hedges against inflation, completely dried up for a time last year.
英国医学协会也重申了一些其它建议，包括为每瓶酒精饮料制定最低限价，为酒精类饮料制定高于通货膨胀率的高税率，禁止商家提供“买一送一”的优惠活动。
The BMA also renewed its calls for a minimum price to be set per unit of alcohol, for alcohol to be taxed at a higher rate than inflation and for a ban on two-for-one offers.
已经发行近30年之久的经济预报，仍将包括经济增长速度、失业率及通货膨胀等信息。
The forecasts, which have been made for nearly 30 years, will continue to include the pace of economic growth, the unemployment rate and inflation.
由于国内成本压力仍然基本较弱，HICP通货膨胀(不包括食品和能源)的年率继续徘徊在1%左右。
The annual rate of HICP inflation excluding food and energy has continued to hover around 1% as domestic cost pressures remain fundamentally weak.
宏观经济学部分包括消费、通货膨胀、失业和国家关系。
Macroeconomic topics include spending, inflation, unemployment, and international relations.
宏观经济学部分包括消费、通货膨胀、失业和国家关系。
Macroeconomic topics include spending, inflation, unemployment, and international relations.
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